| 单词 | Presumption of innocence |
| 释义 | 無罪推定 A rule of criminal law that everyone charged with a criminal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law: Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap 383) s 8 art 11(1); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) art 14(2); Basic Law art 87 para 2. The presumption of innocence is fundamental to the protection of human rights. The burden of proof of the charge is on the prosecution and the accused has the benefit of doubt. No guilt can be presumed until the charge has been proved beyond reasonable doubt: A-G v Lee Kwong Kut (1993) 3 HKPLR 72, [1993] AC 951, 3 All ER 939 (PC). The presumption of innocence implies a right to be treated in accordance with this principle, that is, a duty for all public authorities to refrain from prejudging the outcome of a trial: Human Rights Committee (HRC) General Comment No 13 (21st session, 1984). See also Beyond reasonable doubt; Burden of proof; Innocent. 一項刑法的規則，即每一名受刑事控告之人有被假定為無罪的權利：《香港人權法案條例》（第383章）第8條第11(1)條；《公民權利與政治權利國際公約》(ICCPR)第14(2)條；《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》（第2101章）第87條第2段。無罪推定乃保護人權的基礎。對控罪的舉證責任落在控方身上，而被控人享有疑點利益。直到控罪被證明至無合理疑點，被告人不能被推定為有罪：A-G v Lee Kwong Kut (1993) 3 HKPLR 72, [1993] AC 951, 3 All ER 939 （樞密院）。無罪推定隱含被告人有權利按此原則被處理，也就是說，公共主管當局的責任是不得在審訊前先行判斷審訊的結果：《人權委員會(HRC)》。另見 Beyond reasonable doubt; Burden of proof; Innocent。 |
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