单词 | Inflation |
释义 | 通貨膨脹 A continuous increase in the level of prices, which causes the purchasing power of money (ie value of money) decreases. In other words, the amount of goods and services that can be brought by a given sum of money is gradually decreasing. Inflation is commonly measured by consumer price index or gross national expenditure deflator. In an economy when the aggregated demand exceeds the aggregated supply the excessive demand pulls the price up and inflation occurs. Inflation can also be caused by a pervasive cost and price spiral. The former type of inflation is called demand-pull inflation and latter is often termed cost-push inflation, the most extreme form of inflation is called hyperinflation. 價格水平持續上升,以致貨幣購買力(即貨幣價值)下降。即可以若干款項購買的貨物與服務的數量逐漸減少。通常以消費者物價指數或國民支出總平減物價指數衡量通貨膨脹。在某經濟體系中,如總體需求超逾總體供應,則過多的總體需求會拉動價格上漲,因而產生通貨膨脹。控制性高成本與價格的螺旋式上漲亦可引發通貨膨脹。前者稱為需求牽引的通貨膨脹,後者通常稱為成本推動的通貨膨脹,最嚴重的通貨膨脹稱為極度通貨膨脹。n. |
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