| 单词 | Time charterparty |
| 释义 | 定期租船合約 A contract for the leasing or hiring of a ship for an agreed period of time, upon periodic payment of hire, generally, in advance. Clauses, such as trading limits clause and cargo exclusion clause, may be inserted to exclude some trading areas and/or types of cargoes. Generally, there are two types of time charterparties. (1) In a time charter by demise, the shipowner leases the ship only to the charterers, without provision of officers and crew. The charterers become the temporary owner of the ship. They appoint their own officers and crew and have the possession and control of the ship. This is also known as ‘Bareboat charter’. (2) Under a time charter not by demise, the ship is still under the possession and operation of the shipowner. The officers and crew remain the employees of the shipowner. It is a contract for provision of service, rather than a lease of a ship: The London Explorer [1971] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 523. Subject to the terms of the charter, the master will load and discharge cargoes at the ports designated by the charterers, who will provide and pay for the bunkers. The use of the wordings, such as ‘let’, ‘hire’, ‘delivery’ and ‘re-delivery’ in a time charter not by demise does not mean that the shipowner has given up possession of the ship to the charterers. These expressions are only pertinent to the older form of demise charterparty: Sea & Land Securities Ltd v William Dickinson & Co Ltd (1942) 72 Ll L Rep 159. See also Charterparty; Crew; Demise charterparty; Pilotage; Port; Shipowner; Trading limits clause. 指基於定期繳付租費（通常預先繳付）的情況下，以議定的期間出租船的合約。可載入貿易限制或貨物豁免等條款以免除若干貿易範疇及／或貨物種類。概括而言，有兩類定期租船合約。(1) 就轉管租約形式的定期租船合約而言，船東在沒有提供人員及船員的情況下，僅向有關的租船人出租船。租船人成為有關船隻的臨時擁有人。此等臨時擁有人委任他們自己本身的人員及船員，並管有及控制有關的船隻。亦另稱為「光船租約」。(2) 根據非轉管租約形式的定期租船合約，有關的船仍然在船東的管有及經營之下。有關的人員及船員仍是船東的僱員。這是提供服務的合約，而非租船合約：The London Explorer [1971] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 523。在符合租用合約條款的情況下，船長會在租船人指定的港口裝卸貨物，而租船人會負責提供倉庫及支付有關的費用。在非轉管租約形式的定期租船合約中使用的「租」、「租用」、「交付」 及「交還」等字眼，並不表示有關的船東已將船的管有權給予有關的租船人。這些用語只適合較舊式的轉管租約形式的租船合約：Sea & Land Securities v Dickinson (1942) 72 Ll L Rep 159。另見 Charterparty; Crew; Demise charterparty; Pilotage; Port; Shipowner; Trading limits clause。 |
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