| 单词 | Covenant in restraint of trade |
| 释义 | 限制貿易的契諾 A term in a contract of employment that requires the employee, after leaving the employer, not to do a particular type of work within a particular area for a particular period of time. A covenant in restraint of trade is unenforceable unless it is reasonable as between the parties and in the public interest: Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd [1891-94] All ER Rep 1, [1894] AC 535 (HL); Mason v Provident Clothing and Supply Co Ltd [1913] AC 724 (HL). The employer should have an interest to protect such as confidential information or goodwill. The restriction imposed is no wider than that interest to be protected and not excessive in term of duration, scope or geographical restriction: Buchanan v Janesville Ltd [1981] HKLR 700; Ng Mary (t/a Hong Kong Doggie House) v Luk Siu Fun, Michelle [1987] 1 HKC 427; Ho Wing Cheong (t/a Hong Kong Securities) v Margot [1991] 1 HKLR 245; Kao Lee & Yip v Edwards [1993] 1 HKC 366. As a matter of public policy, the court should ensure that the law is not used to stifle bona fide competition or to prevent the employee from using the employee’s own skills and knowledge, even it gained wholly or partly in the employer’s service: Herbert Morris Ltd v Saxelby [1916] 1 AC 688 (HL). The employer cannot enforce the restraint clause, if the employee is wrongfully dismissed: Candia Shipping (HK) Ltd v Wong Chiu Wai (HCA 629/86, unreported). See also Contract of employment. 僱傭合約中的一項條款，規定僱員在離開僱主後，不准在某特定範疇及時期內作出某特定種類的工作。限制貿易的契諾是不可強制執行，除非於各方之間屬合理的及合乎公眾利益：Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd [1891-94] All ER Rep 1, [1894] AC 535（上議院）；Mason v Provident Clothing and Supply Co Ltd [1913] AC 724（上議院）。僱主應有權益保護機密資料或商譽。所施行的限制的範圍不廣於所保護的權益及其期限、涵蓋範圍或地理上的限制不超乎適度：Buchanan v Janesville Ltd [1981] HKLR 700; Ng Mary (t/a Hong Kong Doggie House) v Luk Siu Fun, Michelle [1987] 1 HKC 427; Ho Wing Cheong (t/a Hong Kong Securities) v Margot [1991] 1 HKLR 245; Kao Lee & Yip v Edwards [1993] 1 HKC 366。就公共政策而言，法庭應確保有關法律不會使用於抑止真誠的競爭，或阻止該僱員使用其本身的技能及知識，即使該技能及知識完全或部分於服務於該僱主時獲得：Herbert Morris Ltd v Saxelby [1916] 1 AC 688（上議院）。若該僱主遭不當地解僱，則該僱主不可強制執行該限制條款：Candia Shipping (HK) Ltd v Wong Chiu Wai（高院民事訴訟1986年第629號，未經彙報）。另見 Contract of employment。 |
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