| 单词 | Reasonable foreseeability |
| 释义 | 合理之預見 The foresight of the consequence of an act that an ordinary person might possess. Reasonable foreseeability focuses on the knowledge that someone in the defendant’s position would be expected to possess: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 25, Tort [380.094]. A test or requirement for determining the existence of a duty of care, breach of duty and remoteness of damage: Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850. In relation to a duty of care, the test concerns the class of persons who are at risk of injury. A duty is owed where the plaintiff is a member of a class of persons who are reasonably foreseeable to be at risk of injury if the defendant fails to take reasonable care: Ancell v McDermott [1993] 4 All ER 355, RTR 235 (CA). At the breach of duty stage, the test is concerned with the manner in which the injury occurred or eventuated. There is no breach where the manner in which the risk eventuated was not reasonably foreseeable: Crossley v Rawlinson [1981] 3 All ER 674, [1982] 1 WLR 369. In relation to the remoteness issue, the test is concerned with the type of injury suffered by the plaintiff. Damage is not too remote where the kind of damage suffered is reasonably foreseeable as a probable consequence of the breach: Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon No 1) [1961] AC 388. At all three stages, reasonable foreseeability is a question of fact. See also Breach of duty of care; Duty of care; Negligence; Reasonably foreseeable; Remoteness. 一般人對某一行為的後果可能有的預見。合理之預見集中在如處於被告人的位置，預期某人會有的認識：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong，第25冊，侵權，第[380.094]段。裁斷小心責任，違反責任或損害的間接性是否存在的測試或規定：Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850。就小心責任而言，測試關注正受損害危險人士的種類。如原告是有關種類人士的一員，如被告未能合理小心地行事，他可合理預見會有傷害的危險，在這情況下，被告對原告負有責任： Ancell v McDermott [1993] 4 All ER 355, RTR 235 （英國上訴法院）。在違反責任的階段，測試關注發生或引起損害的方式。如不可合理地預見引起危險的方式，則沒有違反責任：Crossley v Rawlinson [1981] 3 All ER 674, [1982] 1 WLR 369。就間接性的問題而言，測試關注原告蒙受的損害類別。如可合理預見所蒙受的損害種類是違反責任的可能後果，則損害並非太簡接：Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon No 1) [1961] AC 388。在此三個階段，合理之預見是事實的問題。 另見 Breach of duty of care; Duty of care; Negligence; Reasonably foreseeable; Remoteness。 |
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