| 单词 | Subject to contract |
| 释义 | 訂定合約方可作實 A formula in an agreement, creating the presumption that the parties intend not make a concluded bargain unless and until they execute a formal contract: Rossdale v Denny [1921] 1 Ch 57 (CA). The presumption is strongest when the phrase is used in an agreement for the sale of land: Darton Ltd v Hong Kong Island Development Ltd [2001] 4 HKC 575, 3 HKLRD 479 (CA). In general the expression ‘subject to contract’ is a device used to ensure that neither party to pre-contractual negotiations will be liable for breach in withdrawing from the negotiations because the use of the formula presumes that no contract has come into existence: A-G v Humphreys Estate (Queens Gardens) Ltd [1987] 2 WLR 343. However, in Hong Kong, a binding contract is presumed in a Provisional Agreement which is followed by a letter from the purchaser’s solicitor to the vendor’s solicitor headed ‘Subject to contract’. Generally this phrase is meaningless in such cases where the parties are already bound: Yeung Siu Hong v Chan Siu Mee, Sandie [1992] 2 HKC 559, [1992–93] CPR 317. Similar phrases such as ‘subject to the preparation and approval of formal contract’ have the same effect: Darton Ltd v Hong Kong Island Development Ltd [2002] 1 HKLRD 145, (2001) 4 HKCFAR 3765 (CFA). The words ‘subject to’ are a condition precedent to the formation of the contract. See also Condition precedent; Contract; Contract of sale; Subject to finance. 協議的慣用語，指有關締約方除非及直至簽立正式的合約，否則推定意圖不作出已達成協議的買賣：Rossdale v Denny [1921] 1 Ch 57（英國上訴法院）。如在土地售賣協議使用這慣用語，則這推定最強烈：Darton Ltd v Hong Kong Island Development Ltd [2001] 4 HKC 575, 3 HKLRD 479（上訴法庭）。概括而言，「訂定合約方可作實」是用於確保合約前商議的任何一方，均不會為撤銷商議的違反而須付上法律責任，因為使用這慣用語即推定沒有任何合約已經存在：A-G v Humphreys Estate (Queens Gardens) Ltd [1987] 2 WLR 343。但在香港，推定臨時協議是具約束力的合約，並隨後有由買方的律師向賣方的律師發出抬頭寫上「訂定合約方可作實」的信件。概括而言，如有關的締約方已受縛束，則此用語在此等情況無意義： Yeung Siu Hong v Chan Siu Mee, Sandie [1992] 2 HKC 559, [1992–93] CPR 317。類似的用語例如「準備及批准正式合約方可作實」有相同的效果：Darton Ltd v Hong Kong Island Development Ltd [2002] 1 HKLRD 145, (2001) 4 HKCFAR 3765 (終審法院)。「受到規限」是制訂合約的先決條件。另見 Condition precedent; Contract; Contract of sale; Subject to finance。 |
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