| 单词 | General damages |
| 释义 | 一般損害賠償 A category of damages which is given for losses that flow from the direct consequence of a wrong that is recognised in law and actionable per se. Such damages cannot be quantified precisely but must be proved, for example, future pecuniary loss, and past and future non-pecuniary loss. Contract - 1.Damages presumed by law to flow as the direct consequence of a breach of contract and therefore recoverable under the first limb of the rule in Hadley v Baxendale (1845) 9 Exch 341, 156 ER 145: President of India v La Pintada Compania Navigacion SA [1985] AC 104. To be contrasted with ‘special damages’. 2. General loss of business as a head of damage. See also Damages; Economic loss; Hadley v Baxendale, rule in; Loss of amenities; Pain and suffering; Special damages. Negligence - A head of damages that a plaintiff in a personal injury case can recover. It includes anticipated future loss as well as damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenity: British Transport Commission v Gourlay [1955] 3 All ER 796, [1956] AC 185 (HL). Examples of such general damages are usually non-pecuniary losses such as injury to reputation in defamation and pain and suffering in cases of personal injuries or pecuniary losses such as loss of business profits caused by the defendant’s inducement of breach of contract or passing off, which the judge cannot point out any measure by which they are to be assessed, except the opinion and judgment of a reasonable man: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 22, Remedies [340.169]. The plaintiff must plead any material facts giving rise to a claim for general damages, and must provide such evidence as is necessary and appropriate to support a claim: McGuiness v Kellogg Co of Great Britain Ltd [1988] 2 All ER 902, 1 WLR 913 (CA). To be contrasted with ‘special damages’. 指就有關損失而給予的損害賠償類別，而該損失是由法律上承認的或本身可予以訴訟的錯誤而產生的直接後果的。該等損害賠償不可被確定數量，但須予以證明，例如未來的金錢損失，以及過去及未來的非金錢損失。 合約 - 1. 法律推定是由違約直接產生的後果的損害賠償，因而可根據Hadley v Baxendale (1845) 9 Exch 341, 156 ER 145的第一項規則予以追討：President of India v La Pintada Compania Navigacion SA [1985] AC 104。與「專害損害賠償」有別。 2.業務的一般損失作為一項損害。另見 Damages; Economic loss; Hadley v Baxendale, rule in; Loss of amenities; Pain and suffering; Special damages。 疏忽 - 原告人在人身傷害案件中可追討的損害賠償項目。損害賠償包括預期未來損失、痛楚及痛苦損害賠償以及舒適損失：British Transport Commission v Gourlay [1955] 3 All ER 796, [1956] AC 185（上議院）。非金錢損失的常見一般損害賠償包括在誹謗案中對聲譽的損害、及在人身傷害案件中所蒙受的痛楚及痛苦；而金錢損失的常見一般損害賠償則包括因被告人誘使違反合約或假冒而引致的業務利潤損失，而法官是無法就該等損失作出任何評估措施的（除合理的人的意見及判斷以外）：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong，第22冊，補償，第[340.169]冊。原告人須提出引起一般損害賠償申索的任何關鍵事實，而且必須提供對支持該申索所需要及適當的證據：McGuiness v Kellogg Co of Great Britain Ltd [1988] 2 All ER 902, 1 WLR 913（芵國上訴法院）。與「特殊損害」有別。 |
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