| 单词 | Void ab initio |
| 释义 | 由最初開始即屬無效 Lat – of no effect from the beginning. A contract, a marriage, a disposition or other transaction void ab initio is treated as never having had legal effect; this is the usual meaning of ‘void’. Court proceedings are unnecessary to deprive a contract void ab initio of effect; rights and liabilities will not be recognised to the extent that the existence of a void contract must be asserted to prove them. An illegal agreement or transaction is void ab initio: Wa Lee Finance Co Ltd v Staryork Investment Ltd & Ors (HCMP 2242/2000, unreported). If the condition precedent is not fulfilled the contract will be void ab initio: Hang Seng Goldsmith Co (A Firm) v American International Assurance Co Ltd [1985] 1 HKC 146. A contract which is void ab initio can have no contractual effect, though it may be followed by a transaction which is itself legally operative, such as a conveyance of property. In relation to sale of goods, where the contract is void ab initio, the buyer may recover any part of the price which he has paid. Rescission of a contract may mean making it null and void ab initio: Johnson v Agnew [1980] AC 367, [1979] 1 All ER 883 (HL). See also Void; Voidable; Void contract. 拉丁語 – 從開始起無效力。由最初開始即屬無效的合約、婚姻、處置或其他交易被視為從來沒有法律效力，這是「無效」一用語的普遍涵義。不需任何法律程序已可使由最初開始即屬無效的合約失去法律效力；有關的權利及法律責任將不獲承認，致使該無效合約的存在必須予以肯定，以證明該等權利及法律責任。所有非法協議或交易均屬由最初開始即屬無效：Wa Lee Finance Co Ltd v Staryork Investment Ltd & Ors（高院雜項案件2000年第2242號，未經彙報）。如未能履行先決條件，則有關的合約會由最初開始即屬無效：Hang Seng Goldsmith Co (A Firm) v American International Assurance Co Ltd [1985] 1 HKC 146。由最初開始即屬無效的合約不可有法律效力，縱使於該合約之後，出現例如財產轉讓之類在法律上本身可施行的交易。就售賣貨品而言．如合約是由最初開始即屬無效，則買方可追討已支付金額的任何部分。撤銷合約可指令該合約由最初開始即屬無效：Johnson v Agnew [1980] AC 367, [1979] 1 All ER 883（上議院）。另見 Void; Voidable; Void contract。 |
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