| 单词 | Intimidation |
| 释义 | 恐嚇 1. A criminal offence to threaten any person with any injury to the body, reputation or property of that person or any third person, or with any illegal act, with intent to alarm that person or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do or to omit to do any act which he is legally entitled to do: Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) s 24. The issue of intention in this context is an issue of fact and may be inferred from the words used and the circumstances in which they are used: Lo Tong Kai v R [1977] HKLR 193 (HC). The threat must be one which the accused intends to be taken seriously rather than as an empty threat: R v Chan Kai Hing [1997] 3 HKC 575 (HC). The accused must be shown to have intended that the threat would have the required effect on either the listener or an ordinary person: Lo Tong Kai v R, supra; R v Chan Kai Hing, supra. The fact that the person to whom the threat was issued was a police officer does not mean that the accused cannot be guilty of criminal intimidation: R v Kam Wing Yiu [1973–1976] HKC 273 (HC). Where the threat is uttered in Hong Kong but delivered outside Hong Kong, the offence of criminal intimidation is committed and Hong Kong has jurisdiction to try such conduct: R v Cheung Hay Din & Ors [1991] 1 HKC 250 (CA). 2. It is a contempt of court at common law to endeavour to intimidate a person who is a potential witness in a pending cause with the intention of affecting that person’s evidence when it is given in due course: Re B (JA) (An Infant) [1965] 2 All ER 168, Ch 1112. See also Contempt of court. Industrial law - To cause in the mind of a person a reasonable apprehension of injury to himself or to any member of his family or to any of his dependants or of violence or damage to any person or property: Trade Unions Ordinance (Cap 332) s 2. A criminal offence to use violence to or intimidate such other person or his wife or children, or to injure his property, with a view to compelling any person to abstain from doing or to do any act that such other person has a legal right to do or abstain from doing, wrongfully and without legal authority: s 47(1). See also Industrial tort. Tort - To intentionally put another person in fear by acts or threats which the wrongdoer will commit an act by unlawful means such that damage will be caused to either a third party or the recipient of the threat, with a view to compelling him to do or refrain from doing something which he has legal right to do, the consequences of which is economic loss to himself: Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129, 1 All ER 367 (HL); Wong Wai Hing & Anor v Hui Wei Lee [2001] 2 HKC 19 (CA). The threat must be unlawful and coercive and the person threatened must have acted in compliance with the threat: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 25, Tort [380.492]. See also Pure economic loss. 1. 一項刑事罪行，即以會使某人或第三者的人身、名譽或財產遭受損害作威脅；或以會作出任何違法作為作威脅，並意圖導致該人作出他在法律上並非必須作出的作為；使該人受驚；或導致該人不作出他在法律上有權作出的作為：《刑事罪行條例》（第200章）第24條。從文意顯示，有關意圖的爭論點為一事實問題，可從使用的字句及使用的情況推斷得出：Lo Tong Kai v R [1977] HKLR 193（高等法院）。被控必須計劃其威脅會被認真對待，而不會僅僅被當作唬人的恐嚇：R v Chan Kai Hing [1997] 3 HKC 575(高等法院)。被控必須被證明其威脅會在聽者或普通人身上產生所需的效果：Lo Tong Kai v R, supra；R v Chan Kai Hing, 見上文。被威脅的人為一名警員的事實，也可導致被控觸犯刑事恐嚇罪：R v Kam Wing Yiu [1973–1976] HKC 273（高等法院）。在香港作出威脅而傳送至香港以外的地方，即屬犯刑事恐嚇罪，而香港有司法管轄權審理該行為：R v Cheung Hay Din & Ors [1991] 1 HKC 250（上訴法院）。 2. 在適當時間嘗試恐嚇待決訴訟中的潛在證人，並意圖影響該人的作供，即構成普通法藐視法庭罪：Re B(JA)(An Infant) [1965] 2 All ER 168, Ch 1112。另見 Contempt of court。 勞工法 - 指導致某人心目中合理地恐怕其本人、其家庭成員或其受養人會受到損害，或合理地恐怕任何人或財產會受暴力侵犯或受損：《職工會條例》（第332章） 第2條。目的在迫使另一人不作出其有合法權利作出的作為，或迫使另一人作出其有合法權利不作出的作為，而在不正當及無合法權限的情形下，使用暴力對待或恐嚇該另一人或其妻子或子女，或損害該另一人的財產的罪行 ：第47(1)條。另見Industrial tort。 侵權法 - 以行為或以侵權人會以非法手段作出使第三者或使受威脅人遭受損害的威脅，意圖令他人恐懼，目的為強迫受恐嚇人作出或不作出某行為，即他在法律上有權作出的，其後果是引起他遭受經濟損失：Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129, 1 All ER 367（上議院）；Wong Wai Hing & Anor v Hui Wei Lee [2001] 2 HKC 19（上訴法院）。威脅必須為非法及強迫的，而受威脅的人必須按照威脅行事：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第25冊，侵權，第[380.492]段。另見 Pure economic loss。n. |
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