| 单词 | John Doe |
| 释义 | 某甲 A fictitious name allocated in litigation to an unknown or hypothetical party in order to enforce a legal fiction or to illustrate an argument. The most infamous use was in actions of ejectment at common law before reform of civil procedure was undertaken in most jurisdictions in the nineteenth century. Before these reforms a person seeking to recover land initiated an ejectment action by adopting the position of the lessor to a nominal plaintiff, who was usually called John Doe, or Goodtitle. It was alleged that John Doe had entered the land pursuant to a lease granted to him by the real plaintiff. It was then alleged that John Doe had been ousted by another fictitious person by the name of Richard Roe, or Badtitle. At the foot of this declaration was a notice to any tenants in possession advising them that any person in any actual possession should appear in court and be substituted for Richard Roe as defendant on pain of being turned out of possession. For a Hong Kong example of the use of such fictitious person: Wong Wan Leung & Ors v Secretary for Transport [2001] 1 HKLRD 427, [2001-2002] 2 HKC 257 (CFA). See also Action in ejectment; Ejectment. 用於訴訟中未知或假設的一方的虛構名字，以執行某項法律擬制或說明某項論據。在十九世紀，大部份司法管轄區仍未改革民事程序，當時將此詞用於普通法的驅逐訴訟中是對其最聲名狼藉的應用；在民事程序改革前，尋求收回土地的人以某位名義上的原告人（通常被稱為「某甲」或「妥善業權」）代表其出租人的身分，展開驅逐訴訟。「某甲」被指稱依據由真正原告人向其授予的租約而進入該土地，繼而指稱「某甲」已被一名以「某乙」或「不妥善業權」為名的虛構人物取代；此等宣告的結尾載有向任何租客管有作出的通知，通知任何實際管有的人應出庭，並應代替「某乙」作為被告人，承受被撤銷管有的後果。就本港應用此等虛構人物的例子：Wong Wan Leung & Ors v Secretary for Transport [2001-2] 2 HKC 257, [2001] 1 HKLRD 427 （終審法院）。另見 Action in ejectment; Ejectment。 |
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