| 单词 | Wrongful life |
| 释义 | 錯誤生命 A claim by child alone, particularly a congenitally handicapped child, for negligent non-prevention of pregnancy or non-termination of pregnancy and for damage to himself arising from the fact of his birth: McFarlane & Anor v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59, [1999] 4 All ER 961, 3 WLR 1301 (HL). Such claim can brought by the child with the parents on the ground of a condition such that the child should not have been allowed to be born: McFarlane & Anor v Tayside Health Board, supra. The claim is for the birth of a child who is born alive but with disabilities which would not otherwise be present because of an occurrence before its birth which affected either parent’s ability to have a normal healthy child, or affected the mother during pregnancy, or affected her or the child in the course of its birth: Law Amendment and Reform (Consolidation) Ordinance (Cap 23) s 22B. No claim can be brought by a child for negligence in failing to prevent its birth given the disabilities it was known to be likely to suffer: McKay v Essex Area Health Authority [1982] QB 1166, 2 All ER 771 (CA). Such ‘wrongful life’ claims are contrary to public policy as violations of the sanctity of life: McKay v Essex Area Health Authority, supra. However, this public policy argument does not apply to claims by the parent that the defendant’s negligent failure to prevent the birth resulted in her bearing the cost of caring for the wrongfully born child and such claims have been successful: Thake v Maurice [1986] QB 644, 1 All ER 497 (CA). See also Wrongful birth. 由某兒童（尤其是先天弱能的兒童）就以下的情況單獨提出的申索：因疏忽而沒有阻止懷孕或沒有終止懷孕，及因該兒童出生的事實對其本身所引致的損害：McFarlane & Anor v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59, [1999] 4 All ER 961, 3 WLR 1301（英國上議院）。該等申索可由該兒童連同其父母及基於以下條件提出：該兒童本應不准予出生：McFarlane & Anor v Tayside Health Board, 見上文。該申索是就某個活生的兒童，但因以下事故以致出生時已有原來不會出現的殘疾情況而提出：出生前發生的事故，影響父親或母親生育健康正常兒童的能力，或影響懷孕期內的母親，或在兒童出生過程中影響該母親或兒童：《法律修訂及改革（綜合）條例》（第23章）第22B條。如已知悉某兒童相當可能會患有該殘疾，但因疏忽而未能阻止該兒童的出生，則該兒童不得就該疏忽而提出申索：McKay v Essex Area Health Authority [1982] QB 1166, 2 All ER 771（英國上訴法院）。此等涉及「錯誤生命」的申索因違反生命的神聖性而與公共政策相悖：McKay v Essex Area Health Authority, 見上文。但此公共政策的論點並不適用於由父母提出以下的申索：被告人疏忽而未能阻止兒童的出生，導致母親承擔養育錯誤出生的兒童的費用，此類申索曾獲勝訴：Thake v Maurice [1986] QB 644, 1 All ER 497（英國上訴法庭）。另見 Wrongful birth。 |
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