| 单词 | Misconduct |
| 释义 | 行為不當 Wrongful, improper, or unlawful conduct, motivated by premeditated or intentional purpose or by obstinate indifference to the consequences of one’s acts. Misconduct may involve either gross negligence or a deliberate departure from accepted standards so as to portray indifference and an abuse of privileges. See also Fidelity; Gross negligence; Misappropriation. Arbitration - Such a mishandling of the arbitration as is likely to amount to some substantial miscarriage of justice: Williams v Wallis and Cox [1914] 2 KB 478. It is misconduct for an arbitrator to fail to comply with the terms of an arbitration agreement, or to make an award which ought not to be enforced on the grounds of public policy: London Export Corp Pty Ltd v Jubilee Coffee Roasting Co Ltd [1958] 1 All ER 494. An arbitrator or umpire in a domestic arbitration who misconducted himself or the proceedings may be removed by the Court of First Instance: Arbitration Ordinance (Cap 341) s 25(1). An award made by an arbitrator or umpire who misconducted himself may also be set aside by the Court of First Instance: s 25(2). An award obtained in breach of the rules of natural justice may be set aside on grounds of public policy, even though there was no breach of the agreed procedure: s 25(2). The role of the facilitator will usually be determined by agreement. See also Arbitration; Mediation. Insurance - In relation to marine insurance policy, the wilful performance of an act causing loss. An insurer is not liable for such loss as the law does not allow a person to take advantage of his or her own wrong, but unless the policy otherwise provides, he is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against, even though the loss would not have happened but for the misconduct of the master or crew: Marine Insurance Ordinance (Cap 329) s 55(2)(a). See also Marine insurance policy. Legal practitioners - Grave impropriety on the part of a legal practitioner affecting his or her professional character and indicative of a failure to understand or practise the precepts of honesty or fair dealing in relation to the courts, clients, or the public. Any conduct which would be regarded as professional misconduct if committed by a practising barrister: Barristers (Qualification) Rules (Cap 159E) r 7(4). Any conduct of a trainee solicitor or employee of a solicitor which would reasonably be regarded as disgraceful, dishonourable or discreditable by a solicitor of good repute: Legal Practitioners Ordinance (Cap 159) s 2(2). Misconduct may arise as a result of some act or omission occurring in the conduct of professional activities (‘professional misconduct’) or as a result of conduct unassociated with such activities (‘personal misconduct’). In general terms, a case of professional misconduct is more directly relevant than one of personal misconduct to the issue of a practitioner’s fitness to practise. Where in any proceedings costs are incurred improperly or without reasonable cause or are wasted by misconduct, the court may make against any solicitor whom it considers to be responsible whether personally or through a servant or agent an order disallowing the costs as between the solicitor and his client, and directing the solicitor to repay to his client costs which the client has been ordered to pay to other parties to the proceedings, or directing the solicitor personally to indemnify such other parties against costs payable by them: The Rules of High Court (Cap 4A) O 62 r 8(1). See also Fit and proper person; Professional misconduct. 指由有預謀或蓄意的目的或因對某人作為的後果有根深蒂固的冷淡而引起動機的錯誤、不當或非法的行為。行為不當可涉及從公認的標準中嚴重疏忽或故意離開的行為，以描述當中的冷淡及對特權的濫用。另見 Fidelity; Gross negligence; Misappropriation。 仲裁 - 指仲裁的不正當處理可構成某些實質的司法不公：Williams v Wallis and Cox [1914] 2 KB 478。如仲裁員無法遵從仲裁協議的條款，或作出不能根據公共政策理由而強制執行的裁決，即屬行為不當：London Export Corp Pty Ltd v Jubilee Coffee Roasting Co Ltd [1958] 1 All ER 494。凡仲裁員或公斷人的本身行為不當，或在仲裁程序中行為不當，法院均可將其撤職：《仲裁條例》（第341章）第25條(1)。凡仲裁員或公斷人的本身行為不當，法院可將裁決作廢：第25條(2)。如某裁決是違反公義原則而作出，可以公共政策為理由，將裁決作廢，即使該裁決並沒有違反議定程序：第25條(2)。促進人的作用一般是由協議所決定。另見 Arbitration; Mediation。 保險 - 就有關海上保險單而言，指引致損失的故意行為。保險人對所指的任何損失不負有法律責任，因法律不允許任何人就其錯誤作為而拿取任何利益，但除非保單另有規定，否則他對由承保的危險作為近因而造成的任何損失負有法律責任，即使該損失若非因有船長或船員的失當行為或疏忽是不會發生的亦然：《海上保險條例》（第329章）第55條(2)(a)。另見 Marine insurance policy。 執業律師 - 指法律執業者重大的不正當行為，此等行為可影響其專業品格，當處理有關法庭、當事人或公眾時，顯示無法了解或執行公平而誠實的令狀。指如由一名執業大律師所犯即會被視為專業方面的不當行為的任何行為：大律師（資格）規則（第159E章）第7條(4)。實習律師或律師僱員的任何行為操守，如會被一名具有良好聲譽的律師合理地視為是可恥、不名譽或有損信譽的：《法律執業者條例》（第159章）第2條(2)。行為不當可以由在專業活動的行為中某些作為或不作為的結果而引致「專業行為不當」或因與此等活動無關的行為造成「個人行為不當」。以一般的情況而言，對執業者是否適合執業的問題來說，專業行為不當的情況比個人行為不當更為直接地有關。凡在任何法律程序中，訟費是不當地或在無合理因由的情況下招致，或因任何其他不當行為或過失而被浪費掉，則法庭可針對任何其認為須個人負責或透過一名僱用人或代理人而須負責的律師，作出命令不准予該律師與其當事人之間的訟費；並指示該律師須向其當事人償還其當事人被命令付給該等法律程序的其他各方的訟費；或指示該律師須個人就該等其他各方所須支付的訟費向有關各方作出彌償：高等法院規則(第4A章)第62號命令第8條規則。另見 Fit and proper person; Professional misconduct。n. |
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