| 单词 | Nema guidelines |
| 释义 | Nema指引 Guidelines adopted by the court regarding the exercise of its discretion to grant or refuse leave to appeal from the award of an arbitrator to the court. Under the guidelines, the court categorises disputes into either ‘one-off’ contracts or cases, or standard term contracts or recurring cases. Leave to appeal in one-off cases will be refused unless it appears from mere perusal of the award without argument that the arbitrator is obviously wrong. In standard term contracts or recurring cases, leave will be granted if a strong prima facie case of error is made out, and the decision will add significantly to clarity and certainty of the law: Pioneer Shipping Ltd v BTP Tioxide Ltd (The Nema) [1982] AC 724; 2 All ER 1030; Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB (The Antaios) [1985] AC 191. The Hong Kong courts have applied the Nema guidelines: A-G v Technic Construction Co Ltd [1986] HKLR 541. The Court of Appeal indicated that it would apply the guidelines subject to the further considerations and refinements by the English courts and the changes to the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap 341) (Re PT Dover Chemical Co and Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp [1990] 2 HKLR 257 (sub nom Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp v PT Dover Chemical Dover Chemical Co [1990] 1 HKC 132). Strict categorisation of cases is replaced by a notional sliding scale from the ‘one-off’ contract cases to standard form contract cases: Arnhold & Co Ltd v Yieldworth Engineers & Suppliers Ltd [1994] 2 HKC 391 (CA); Downer & Co Ltd & Anor v Airport Authority [2000] 1 HKLRD 556 (CA). See also Arbitrator; Award; Discretion; Leave to appeal. 指法庭就有關法庭行使其酌情決定權以授予或拒絕從仲裁人向法庭所作出的上訴許可而採用的指引。根據此指引，法庭將爭議分為「單元」合約或案件，或標準期限合約或反覆發生的案件。單元案件的上訴許可一般會被拒絕，除非它純粹從詳閱裁決後出現，當中沒有指出仲裁人明顯錯誤的論據，就有關標準期限合約或反覆發生的案件而言，如表面上作出強烈的錯誤案件，以及該決定會顯著地加強法律的清晰度及明確度：Pioneer Shipping Ltd v BTP Tioxide Ltd (The Nema) [1982] AC 724; 2 All ER 1030；Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB (The Antaios) [1985] AC 191。香港法庭採用Nema指引：A-G v Technic Construction Co Ltd [1986] HKLR 541。上訴法庭表明會就不牴觸英國法庭所作出的進一步考慮及改進，以及《仲裁條例》 (第341章) 的更改的情況下採用此指引 (Re PT Dover Chemical Co and Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp [1990] 2 HKLR 257 (sub nom Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp v PT Dover Chemical Dover Chemical Co [1990] 1 HKC 132)。案件的嚴格分類現已被從「單元」合約或案件至標準期限合約案件的表意按比例計算法代替：Arnhold & Co Ltd v Yieldworth Engineers & Suppliers Ltd [1994] 2 HKC 391 (上訴法庭)；Downer & Co Ltd & Anor v Airport Authority [2000] 1 HKLRD 556 (上訴法庭)。另見 Arbitrator; Award; Discretion; Leave to appeal。 |
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