| 单词 | Civil and political rights |
| 释义 | 公民權利和政治權利 ‘Rights of a type enunciated in the first 21 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966. They are commonly described as rights protecting the individual from the arbitrary exercise of power by the State (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 art 17), such as the right of life (art 6), liberty (art 9), freedom of movement (art 12), a fair trial (art 14), and freedom from discrimination (art 2). The exercise of some of these rights are subject to justifiable restrictions in pursuance of a legitimate objective, eg freedom of religion (art 18), freedom of expression (art 19), right of peaceful assembly (art 21). Of these rights, the most fundamental is the right to self-determination of all peoples (art 1). They are often contrasted with economic, social and cultural rights. Also known as ‘first generation rights’. The Hong Kong Bill of Rights adopts the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and provides for legal protection of the civil and political rights set out in the Covenant. See also International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966. 於《1948年世界人權宣言》中首廿一條條文及《1966年公民權利和政治權利國際公約》中宣布的權利。泛指用作保護個人以免受國家無理地行使其權力所傷害（《1966年公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第17條），例如生命權（第6條）、自由（第9條）、遷徙自由（第12條）、公正裁判（第14條）及免受歧視（第2條）。其中某些權利是受正當並依據合法目標的限制所規限，例如宗教自由（第18條）、表現自由（第19條）、和平集會的權利（第21條）。在該等權利中，最基本的是人民自決權（第1條）。該等權利常與經濟、社會和文化權利相對。另稱「第一代權利」。《香港人權法案》收納《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》及就公約中為公民權利和政治權利列明的法律保護訂定條文。另見 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966。 |
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法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。