| 单词 | Piracy |
| 释义 | 海盜行為 1.At common law, an armed violence at sea within the jurisdiction of the Admiralty, which is not a lawful act of war. Actual robbery is not an essential element of the crime of piracy jure gentium. A frustrated attempt to commit a piratical robbery is equally piracy jure gentium: Re Piracy Jure Gentium [1934] AC 586. 2. Piracy consists of (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed (i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; (ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; and (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; and (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b): United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 art 101. Piracy is a crime of universal jurisdiction. A state may capture pirates at a place within or beyond its jurisdiction. Piracy is punishable pursuant to the domestic law of the capturing state, and the nationality of the pirates is immaterial: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 arts 105-107; R v Liang Bing Zhao [1997] 2 HKC 499. 3. A person (a) who commits the offence of piracy with violence, or (b) who is a Hong Kong resident or on board a Hong Kong ship commits a piratical act shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for life: Crime Ordinance (Cap 200) ss 19, 20. A person who is trading with pirates or being found on board piratical vessel and unable to prove non-complicity shall be guilty of an offence: ss 21, 22. 4. Piracy is a maritime peril which may be insured against. Theft without force or threat of force is not piracy under a policy of marine insurance: The Andreas Lemos [1983] QB 647, 1 All ER 590, 2 WLR 425, [1982] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 483. See also Aircraft; Copyright; Hijacking; Offence; Organised crime; Pirate; Ship; Shipowner; Terrorism; Universal jurisdiction. 1. 普通法中，指在海事司法管轄權範圍內的海上持械暴力行為，而該行為並非戰爭的合法行為。實際的搶劫，按照國際法，並非罪行的基本要素。企圖作海盜搶劫但受挫失敗，按照國際法，亦等同海盜行為；Re Piracy Jure Gentium [1934] AC 586。 2. 海盜行為包括 (a) 私人船隻或私人飛機上的船員或乘客為私人目的而犯的非法暴力或禁錮行為，或掠奪行為，而該等行為針對的目標，是 (i) 公海上的另一艘船隻或飛機，或該船隻上或飛機上的人或財物；(ii) 在任何國家管轄權以外地方上的一艘船隻、飛機、人或財物； (b)任何自願參與操作一艘船隻或飛機而知悉使該船隻或飛機成為海盜船或飛機的事實； (c) 任何煽動或蓄意促成上述 (a) 或 (b) 所述的行為：《1982年聯合國海洋法公約》第101條。海盜行為是一種全球擁有管轄權的罪行。 任何國家可在其擁有或超越其管轄權的地方逮捕海盜。 海盜行為可根據逮捕國家的本地法律施以懲罰，海盜本身的國籍並不重要：《1982年聯合國海洋法公約》第105-107條；R v Liang Bing Zhao [1997] 2 HKC 499。 3. 任何人 (a) 以暴力作出海盜行為罪；或 (b) 身為香港特別行政區居民或在任何香港船隻上作出海盜行為，即屬犯罪，一經循公訴程式定罪，可處終身監禁；《刑事罪行條例》（第200章）第19至20條。任何人與海盜進行交易或被發現在任何海盜船隻上，而又無法證明並非共同犯罪，即屬犯罪：《刑事罪行條例》（第200章）第21至22條。 4. 海盜行為是一種可投保的海上嚴重危險。沒有暴力或恐嚇使用暴力的盜竊，並非海險保單所規定的海盜行為：The Andreas Lemos [1983] QB 647, 1 All ER 590, 2 WLR 425, [1982] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 483。另見 Aircraft; Copyright; Hijacking; Offence; Organised crime; Pirate; Ship; Shipowner; Terrorism; Universal jurisdiction。n. |
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