| 单词 | Compromise |
| 释义 | 妥協 An agreement terminating a dispute between parties as to the rights of one or more of them, or modifying the undoubted rights of a party which he or she has difficulty in enforcing. The agreement can be made on any terms they agree and at any time or stage of the proceedings they choose. The word ‘compromise’ implies some element of accommodation on each side and is not apt to describe a total surrender of the rights of one side: Re NFU Development Trust Ltd [1973] 1 All ER 135. Except that the compromise involves the rights of a minor or a mental patient, the court’s approval is not needed: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 80 r 10. Court’s approval is also needed for: action concerning the estate of a deceased person or trust property or the construction of a written instrument: O 15 r 13; action by representative parties: O 15 r 12; action for defamation, malicious prosecution or false imprisonment: O 82 r 5. There are several forms of compromise: settlement by way of contract before or after action is commenced; an agreement to enter judgement by consent; an agreement for the defendant to submit to judgement; an order by consent to stay proceedings (Tomlin Order); an order by consent the action to be dismissed, discontinued or withdrawn. Compromise may be reached as a result of mediation or other forms of alternative dispute resolution or reference of the disputes to an arbitrator. The compromise of a disputed claim which is honestly made, whether legal proceedings have been instituted or not, constitutes valuable consideration, even if the claim ultimately turns out to be unfounded. It is not necessary that the question in dispute should be really doubtful, it is sufficient if the parties in good faith believe it to be so, even if such belief is founded on a misapprehension of a clear rule of law: Cosmo Sea Freight (HK) Ltd v Gold King Consolidator Ltd [1994] HKLY 225; Halsbury’s Laws of England, (Vol 9), para 321. See also Arrangement; Offer of compromise; Settlement. Contract - A contract to settle a disputed claim. Despite the rule that a promise to perform an existing contractual duty is not a valid consideration, the court will give effect to such contract which intended to settle a dispute. A compromise will be permitted by law, irrespective of whether the claim was valid or not: Happy Dynasty Ltd v Wai Kee (Zens) Construction & Transportation Co Ltd [1998] 1 HKLRD 314. A compromise must be made in good faith in the sense that a party honestly believes that he had a good consideration for it: Callisher v Bischoffsheim (1870) LR 5 QB 449. See also Accord and Satisfaction; Consideration. 一項案中各方訂立的協議，藉以終止他們就其中一方或多於一方的權利的爭議，或修改其中一方無可爭辯卻難於執行的權利。該項協議可按爭議各方同意的任何條款和依他們的選擇在法律程序的任何時間或階段訂立。「妥協」一詞含有每一方均需作出一些遷就的意思，該詞並不切合描述某一方完全放棄權利的情況：Re NFU Development Trust Ltd [1973] 1 All ER 135。除了牽涉未成年人權利或精神病人權利的妥協外，作出妥協並不需經法庭批准：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第80號命令第10條規則。以下情況作出的妥協亦需經法庭批准：關於死者的遺產、受信託規限的財產、或文書的解釋的訴訟：第15號命令第13條規則；代表各方的訴訟：第15號命令第12條規則；誹謗、惡意檢控或非法禁錮的訴訟：第82號命令第5條規則。妥協共有幾種形式：訴訟開始前或開始後以合約方式達成的和解；就同意而登錄判決的協議；被告人接受判決的協議；按同意作出擱置法律程序的命令（湯林命令）；按同意而將訴訟撤銷、中止或撤回的命令。妥協可透過調停、其他形式的爭議解決替代程序、或將爭議轉交仲裁員而達成。不論是否已經提起法律程序，就一宗爭議申索而真誠地達成的妥協，即成有值代價，儘管該申索最終被證明為毫無根據亦如是；爭議問題並不需真正備受懷疑，若各方均真誠地相信情況如此便足夠，縱使該意見是基於誤解某一清楚法律規則亦然：Cosmo Sea Freight (HK) Ltd v Gold King Consolidator Ltd [1994] HKLY 225; Halsbury’s Laws of England（第9冊）第321段。另見 Arrangement; Offer of compromise; Settlement。 合約 - 解決受爭議申索的合約。儘管有規則規定應允履行現行合約的責任並非有效的對價，法院會判定擬解決爭議的合約為有效。不論申索是否為有根據的，法律給予機會和解：Happy Dynasty Ltd v Wai Kee (Zens) Construction & Transportation Co Ltd [1998] 1 HKLRD 314。和解必須本著真誠，即一方真誠地相信，他就和解付出了對價：Callisher v Bischoffsheim (1870) LR 5 QB 449。另見 Accord and Satisfaction; Consideration。n. |
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