| 单词 | Presumption of sanity |
| 释义 | 精神健全推定 The presumption that every person is of sound mind and was of sound mind at any time which comes into question until the contrary is proved: M‘Naghten’s Case (1843) 10 Cl & Fin 200, [1843] All ER Rep 229 (HL). The accused must establish on the balance of probabilities that he or she was not of sound mind to establish a defence: R v Dickie [1984] 3 All ER 173, 79 Cr App Rep 213 (CA). This presumption is also applicable in civil cases especially in probate action, in which the law presumes capacity, and no evidence is required to prove the testator’s sanity, if it is not impeached: Steed v Calley (1836) 1 Keen 620. See also Mental disorder; M’Naghten rules. 當涉及心智是否正常的問題產生時，直到相反證明成立前，每一個人的心智在過去及現在均為正常的推定：M‘Naghten’s Case (1843) 10 Cl & Fin 200, [1843] All ER Rep 229 （上議院）。被控人必須證明他或她的心智為不正常的可能性較高以確立免責辯護：R v Dickie [1984] 3 All ER 173, 79 Cr App Rep 213 （英國上訴法院）。此推定亦適用於民事案件，尤其是遺囑認證訴訟，但其所涉的遺囑認證法律會作出行為能力的推定，因此除非行為能力受到質疑，否則不要求提供精神健全的證據：Steed v Calley (1836) 1 Keen 620。另見 Mental disorder; M’Naghten rules 。 |
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