| 单词 | Conflict of interest |
| 释义 | 法律衝突 1. A situation where a person has a personal interest or gain in a matter such as the subject of a decision or the duty of the person. Reference to the term is often made in the relationship between the duties of public officials or fiduciaries and matters of private interest or gain to them. 2. A situation where the interest, right or position of a person or business entity, whether directly or by the representation of another, clashes with, leads to the disregard of, or damages those of another. Corporation - See Conflict rule. Equity - Conflict of interest arises in situation where a fiduciary duty owing to a party is breached as a result of a like duty owed to another. The breach of fiduciary duty must be proved by an actual conflict of duty and not merely a theoretical one: CS Low Investment Ltd v Freshfields (A Firm) [1991] 1 HKLR 12 (CA). See also Fiduciary; Fiduciary duty. Legal practitioners - A situation where the personal interest of a fiduciary conflicts with his or her duty to the beneficiary: Moody v Cox & Hatt [1917] 2 Ch 71. The relationship of solicitor and client is fiduciary, placing upon the solicitor special responsibilities where a conflict with his or her own interest arise. Thus, the duty of lawyers to avoid conflict of interests and duties has been long recognised both by the courts and the professions: Cohen H, History of the English Bar (1976) pp 233-234. In Hong Kong, the Solicitors’ Practice Rules (Cap 159H) together with the Solicitors’ Guide and case law inform the solicitors of the basic circumstances giving rise to conflict. For example, a conflict might arise as the result of two clients being represented jointly by the same solicitor or firm of solicitors and it might arise by virtue of a previous relationship between the solicitor or his firm and the client: Solicitors’ Guide, Principle 9.02. If there appears to be conflict of interest between more than one client, a barrister may not continue to act for any such client unless all such clients consent to his so acting and he is able to do so without embarrassment. Even if there is no conflict of interest, when a barrister has held a brief for any party in any proceeding he cannot accept a brief on an appeal or further stage in the proceeding for any other party without giving the original client the opportunity of delivering a brief to him for the appeal or further: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 17, Legal Practitioners [240.251]. See also Fiduciary relationship; Professional conduct and practice rules; Professional misconduct. 1. 在判定標的事件中，存在著某人的個人利害或個人收益的一種情況，或在判定有關某人職責的事件中，涉及該人的個人利害或個人收益的一種情況。法律衝突此詞，經常在公職人員或受信人的職責與其私人利益、私有收益的關係上被論及。 2. 個人或商業實體的利益、權利或位置，不論是直接地或通過他人的代表，與別人的利益、權利或位置，構成衝突並導致該別人的利益、權利或位置被忽視或被損害的情況。 法團 - 見 Conflict rule。 衡平法 - 下述情形會引起利益衝突：一方享有的誠信責任，因負有該責任的對方，向第三者負上同類的誠信責任而遭違反。誠信責任的違反必須證明存在著實質的責任衝突，而並非僅僅是理論上發生的責任衝突：CS Low Investment Ltd v Freshfields (A Firm) [1991] 1 HKLR 12（上訴法院）。另見 Fiduciary; Fiduciary duty。 執業律師 - 受信人的個人利害關係與他、她向其受益人所負的責任相衝突的情況：Moody v Cox & Hatt [1917] 2 Ch 71。律師與其客人之間的為一誠信關係，當該誠信關係與律師的個人利害關係起衝突時，該誠信關係讓該律師負起特別的責任。故此，律師有避免利益及責任衝突的責任早已獲得法院及律師專業的公認：Cohen H, History of the English Bar (1976年)第233-234頁。在香港，《律師執業規則》（第159H章）、《律師指引》以及案例告之律師引起衝突的基本情況。例如，當兩個客人由同一律師或同一律師事務所共同代表時，衝突亦可因律師或其事務所與客人的過往關係所引起：《律師指引》第9.02則。如某大律師與多於一個當事人看來存在著法律衝突，他不可繼續代表任何該些當事人，除非所有有關當事人同意該大律師的代表，而他亦可在不窘迫的情形下繼續作出代表。就算不存在著法律衝突，當一名大律師在任何司法程序中，持有任何人的委聘書，在未有給予該人機會向其送交上訴或繼續下一階段的委聘書前，該大律師不能接受任何其他方就該司法程序中作出上訴或繼續下一階段程序的委聘書：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong， 第17冊，執業律師，第[240.251]段。另見 Fiduciary relationship; Professional conduct and practice rules; Professional misconduct。 |
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