| 单词 | Basic Law |
| 释义 | 基本法 The Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR of the People’s Republic of China forms part of the constitution of the Hong Kong SAR after 1 July 1997. It lays down the General Principles, amongst others, that the Hong Kong SAR will exercise a high degree of autonomy, that the socialist system and policies will not be practised in Hong Kong, and that the laws previously in force in Hong Kong shall be maintained, except for any that contravene the Basic Law, and subject to any amendment by the legislature, and no law enacted by the legislature shall contravene the Basic Law. It prescribes the relationship between Hong Kong and the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. It lays down the Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Residents. Most importantly, it prescribes the Political Structure, that is, the Chief Executive, the Executive Council, the Legislative Council, and the Judiciary. The power of interpretation of the Basic Law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress: Basic Law art 158. The Hong Kong courts may interpret on their own, in adjudicating cases, the provisions which are within the limits of the autonomy of the Hong Kong SAR. However, if the courts need to interpret the provisions of the Basic Law concerning affairs which are the responsibility of the Central People’s Government, or concerning the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Region, and if such interpretation will affect the judgments on the cases, the courts of the Hong Kong SAR shall, before making their final judgments which are not appealable, seek an interpretation of the relevant provisions from the Standing Committee. The courts of the Hong Kong SAR shall follow the interpretation of the Standing Committee. However, judgments previously rendered shall not be affected. After the Court of Final Appeal delivered its judgments in the right of abode cases of Ng Ka Ling (an infant) & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 1 HKC 291 and Chan Kam Nga (an infant) & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 1 HKC 347 on 29 January 1999, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPCSC) adopted the Interpretation by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the Basic Law arts 22(4), 24(2)(3) on 26 June 1999. The Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong, in a later case, held that the NPCSC had power to make the Interpretation of 26 June 1999 and the courts in the Hong Kong SAR are under a duty to follow: Lau Kong Yung (An Infant) & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 4 HKC 731 (CFA). 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區的《基本法》在1997年7月1 日之後成為香港特別行政區憲法的一部分。《基本法》訂定總則及其他章節，規定香港特別行政區會實行高度自治，即社會主義制度及政策不會在香港實行，此外，以往在香港實施的法律應保持不變，但同《基本法》相抵觸的原有法律除外，此外，亦受制於立法機關作出的任何修改，而立法機關制定的法律不得違反《基本法》。《基本法》訂明香港和中華人民共和國中央人民政府的關係。《基本法》就香港居民的基本權利和義務訂定條文。《基本法》最重要的是訂明政治制度，即行政長官、行政會議、立法會以及司法機構。全國人民代表大會常務委員會獲賦予解釋《基本法》的權力：《基本法》第158條。香港特別行政區法院在審理案件時就《基本法》關於香港特別行政區自治範圍內的條款可自行解釋。但如香港特別行政區法院在審理案件時需要對《基本法》關於中央人民政府管理的事務或中央和香港特別行政區關係的條款進行解釋，而該條款的解釋又影響到案件的判決，在對該案件作出不可上訴的終局判決前，應由香港特別行政區終審法院請全國人民代表大會常務委員會對有關條款作出解釋。香港特別行政區法院應以全國人民代表大會常務委員會的解釋為準。但在此以前作出的判決不受影響。終審法院在1999年1月29日就 Ng Ka Ling (an infant) & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 1 HKC 291 以及 Chan Kam Nga (an infant) & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 1 HKC 347居留權案件作出其判決後，全國人民代表大會常務委員(NPCSC) 在1999年6月26日，通過全國人民代表大會常務委員對《基本法》第22 (4) 及24 (2)(3) 條的解釋。香港終審法院在其後的案件判定NPCSC有權作出1999年6月26日的解釋，而香港特別行政區法院有責任以該解釋為準：Lau Kong Yung (An Infant) & Ors v Director of Immigration [1999] 4 HKC 731 （終審法院）。 |
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