| 单词 | Foreign state immunity |
| 释义 | 外國豁免權 The principle that foreign heads of states and government are immune from the process of municipal courts unless they voluntarily submit to it. The applicable law in the Hong Kong SAR, namely the common law, draws a distinction between acta jure imperii and acta jure gestionis and requires the court to consider the whole context of the activity in respect of which immunity is claimed in deciding whether state immunity should be accorded: Philipine Admiral (owners) v Wallen Shipping (Hong Kong) Ltd [1976] 1 All ER 78, [1977] AC 373 (PC); Trendtex Trading Corp v Central Bank of Nigeria [1977] 1 All ER 881, QB 529 (CA). The question is whether the relevant activity should be considered as fairly within an area of activity, trading or commercial or otherwise of a private law character in which the state has chosen to engage or whether relevant activity should be considered as having been done outside that area and within the sphere of governmental or sovereign activity: I Congreso del Partido [1981] 2 All ER 1064, [1983] 1 AC 244 (HL). 除非是自願接受的，否則外地國家及政府的首長均獲豁免地方法院的法律程序。在香港特別行政區所適用的法律（即普通法），在統治權行為與事務權行為之間作出區別，並規定法庭在決定應否給予國家豁免權時，須考慮涉及申索豁免權的有關活動的整體情況： Philipine Admiral(owners) v Wallen Shipping (Hong Kong) Ltd[1976] 1 All ER 78, [1977] AC 373, （樞密院）; Trendtex Trading Corp v Central Bank of Nigeria [1977] 1 All ER 881,QB 529, （芵國上訴法院）。問題是有關活動在活動、貿易、商業或在其他情況下有關國家選擇從事而具有私人法律性質的範圍內是否應被視為公平，或應否視有關活動為是在該等範圍外作出的，以及在政府或主權活動的領域內：I Congresso Del Partido [1983] 1 AC 244, [1981] 2 All ER 1064 （上議院）。 |
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