| 单词 | Barratry |
| 释义 | 無根據訴訟／船上人員不當行為 OF – baraterie – deceit, fraud, confusion, trouble. Criminal law - The common law offence of habitually moving, exciting, or maintaining suits or quarrels, whether at law or not: Williams v Page (1858) 24 Beav 654; 53 ER 510. It is the bringing, or the encouragement to bring, false actions through malice and for the purpose of oppression: Anon (1686) 87 ER 62; Chapman’s case (1634) 79 ER 898. Although rarely used, it is still part of the law of Hong Kong: Cannonway Consultants Ltd v Kenworth Engineering Ltd [1995] 2 HKLR 475 (HC). See also Champerty; Maintenance. Maritime law - Every wrongful act wilfully committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer: Marine Insurance Ordinance (Cap 329) sch r 11. Barratry occurs whether the master’s act is motivated by self-interest, malice to the owner, or a disregard for those laws the master has a duty to obey: Earle v Rowcroft (1806) 8 East 126; 103 ER 292. To constitute barratry, the act must be committed without the complicity of the owner: Piermay Shipping Co SA and Brandt’s Ltd v Chester (The Michael) [1979] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 1 (CA). The barratrous act must be fraudulent and carried out with criminal intent; mere negligence, or actions against the interests of the owner, will not suffice: Phyn v Royal Exchange Assurance Co (1798) 7 TR 505; Commercial Trading Co Inc v Hartford Fire Insurance Co [1974] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 179 (CA). Barratry is a peril of the sea in marine insurance and will not void the insurance policy where insured against. See also Charterer; Marine insurance; Maritime perils; Owner; Peril of the sea. 古法語 – baraterie –欺騙、欺詐、混亂、煩惱。 刑法 - 指普通法慣常地提起、引發或進行訴訟或爭論的罪行（不論是否在法律上）：Williams v Page (1858) 24 Beav 654; 53 ER 510。指為壓迫的目的而惡意提出或鼓勵提出虛假的訴訟：Anon (1686) 87 ER 62; Chapman’s case (1634) 79 ER 898。儘管甚少使用，但仍屬於香港法律的一部分： Cannonway Consultants Ltd v Kenworth Engineering Ltd [1995] 2 HKLR 475（高等法院）。另見 Champerty; Maintenance。 海事法 - 船長或船員故意作出的有損船東或承租人的每一錯誤作為：《海上保險條例》（第 329章） 附表第11條。不論船長的行為動機是為本身的利益、對船主有惡意、或不予理會該等船長有責任遵守的法律，亦會產生船上人員不當行為：Earle v Rowcroft (1806) 8 East 126; 103 ER 292。如欲確立船上人員不當行為，則有關的行為必須是在沒有與有關的擁有人共謀的情況下作出的：Piermay Shipping Co SA and Brandt’s Ltd v Chester (The Michael) [1979] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 1 （芵國上訴法院）。船上人員不當的行為必須是欺詐性的，並且是在有刑事犯罪意圖的情況下進行的；純粹疏忽或針對擁有人的權益的行為並不足夠：Phyn v Royal Exchange Assurance Co (1798) 7 TR 505; Commercial Trading Co Inc v Hartford Fire Insurance Co [1974] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 179 （芵國上訴法院）。船上人員不當行為是海險中的海難，亦不會使承保的保單無效。另見 Charterer; Marine insurance; Maritime perils; Owner; Peril of the sea。n. |
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