| 单词 | Secondary evidence |
| 释义 | 間接證據 The production in court of a copy of a document, or oral evidence, instead of the original document. The common law usually requires that the contents of a document be proved using the original document. However, there is a range of situations where the courts have been prepared to accept the tender of secondary evidence (such as a copy) to provide the contents of a document. For example, a court may accept secondary evidence of the contents of a document where the original cannot be produced because it is lost or destroyed (R v Kenilworth (Inhabitants) (1845) 7 QB 642, 115 ER 631), or where a party will not produce the original in response to a notice to produce (Hindson v Monahan [1970] VR 84). Secondary evidence may be given if the removal of the original is illegal by the law of this country or of the country where the document or thing is: Owner v Bee Hive Spinning Co Ltd [1914] 1 KB 105. Admissible evidence contained in a document may be proved by producing a copy of that document, or a part of that document, whether or not the original is still in existence, authenticated in whatever manner the court may approve: Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8) s 53(1). There are no degrees of secondary evidence (s 53(2)), and if a private document is not going to be produced for whatever reason, the contents may be proved by any type of secondary evidence, for example by the production of a copy, or a copy of a copy (s 53(2)), a counterpart (Barber v Rowe [1948] 2 All ER 1050 (CA)) or a draft (Waldy v Gray (1875) LR 20 Eq 238), by sworn oral testimony as to the contents of the document (Read v Price [1909] 2 KB 724 (CA)), or as authorised by statute (s 53(1)). See also Best evidence rule; Documentary evidence; Original evidence. 在法院提供文件的副本或口頭證據，而非交出原來的文件。普通法通常要求使用原來的文件證明文件的內容。但在一些情況下，法院擬訂會接納提出間接證據（例如副本）作為文件內容的提供。例如倘若因為原來的證據已遺失或損毀而不可提供原來的證據（R v Kenilworth (Inhabitants) (1845) 7 QB 642, 115 ER 631），或倘若一方與訟人不會就呈堂通知提供原來的證據（Hindson v Monahan [1970] VR 84），則法院可接納文件內容的間接證據。 如搬運原來的證據在本國或在文件或東西所在的國家的法律上屬違法，則可作出間接證據：Owner v Bee Hive Spinning Co Ltd [1914] 1 KB 105。凡任何載於某文件內的陳述在民事法律程序中可接納為證據，則該項陳述可(a) 藉交出該文件而獲得證明；或(b) (不論該文件是否仍然存在)藉交出該文件的副本或該文件關鍵部分的副本而獲得證明，但該文件或該副本均須以法院批准的方式認證：《證據條例》(第8章) 第53(1)條。沒有間接證據的程度限制(第53(2)條)，及如因任何理由不會交出私人文件，可以任何種類的間接證據證明有關的內容，例如交出副本，或文本的副本（第53(2)條），相對物 （Barber v Rowe [1948] 2 All ER 1050（英國上訴法院）） 或草犒 (Waldy v Gray (1875) LR 20 Eq 238)，或就文件的內容作出經宣誓的口頭證供 (Read v Price [1909] 2 KB 724 （英國上訴法院）)，或以法規批准的方式認證(第53(1)條)。另見 Best evidence rule; Documentary evidence; Original evidence。 |
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