| 单词 | Duress to the person |
| 释义 | 人身威脅 Actual or threatened violence to an individual to obtain a contractual promise, payment, service, or transfer of property: for example Barton v Armstrong [1976] AC 104. Duress to a person may take the form of violence or physical constraint or confinement. Duress need not be an actual one; it could be in form of threatened act. In order to rely upon duress as a defence, one has to show that the threat which he or she faced was real and immediate and could adversely affect him or her: Lam Yi Lai v Chau Shek Leung (HCA 4639/96, 5661/96, unreported). Duress need not be directly applied to the claimant; it is sufficient for the claimant to show that his or her spouse or close relative or even a stranger was once made subject to the acts alleged which in turn had created pressure upon him or her. See also Duress; Duress of goods; Economic duress. 向個人施加實際的或威脅的暴力以取得合約上的承諾、付款、服務或財產轉讓：例如Barton v Armstrong[1976]AC 104。人身威脅的形式可以是施加暴力、向身體施加強制力或禁閉。威脅無需是實際的威脅；而可以是以威脅的行為作出。為確立以威脅作為抗辯理由，提出者須證明他或她所面對的威脅是真實的、即時的及對他或她可造成不利影響的：Lam Yi Lai v Chau Shek Leung （高院民事訴訟1996年第4639號，1996年第5661號，未經彙報)。無需直接向有關的申索人施加威脅；申索人只須證明他或她的配偶、近親或甚至是陌生人曾一度經受指稱的行為，而該指稱行為轉而向他或她產生壓力。另見 Duress; Duress of goods; Economic duress。 |
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