| 单词 | Sound disposing mind |
| 释义 | 健全的可處置財物的精神 The term used for testamentary capacity, meaning the ability of a testator to understand that he is by his will giving his property to one or more objects of his regard, but he must also have capacity to comprehend and to recollect the extent of his property and the nature of the claims of others whom by his will he is excluding from participation in that property: Tse Moon Sak (Executor of the Will of Tse Lai Chiu (dec’d)) v Tse Hung [1946–1972] HKC 160. The sound disposing mind and memory must exist at the actual moment of execution of the will: Re Ma Shiu-lim, Ma Po-chim v Mar Lok-shan [1992] 2 HKLR 286. It is essential that no disorder of the mind should poison his affections, pervert his sense of right or prevent the exercise of his natural faculties, that no delusion should influence his will in disposing of his property and bring about a disposal of it which, if the mind had been sound, would not have been made: Hope v Campbell [1899] AC 1 (HL). Eccentricity alone does not prevent a man from disposing of his property by will (Pilkington v Gray [1899] AC 401 (PC)); and the extravagance of the provisions of a will is not necessarily in itself conclusive evidence of unsoundness of mind (Austen v Graham (1854) 8 Moo PCC 493). Medical evidence is often necessary. The test would seem to be whether there is sufficient capacity in the areas most relevant to making the will. From the authorities these can be listed as: (1) understanding that by the will he is disposing of his property on his death to objects of his regard; (2) knowledge of the probable extent and value of the property being disposed of at the time of the will; (3) appreciation of the possible moral claims of relatives and others not benefited by the will; (4) sufficient memory at least to react when reminded of facts relevant to these areas. See also Testamentary capacity; Unsound mind. 有關訂立遺囑資格的詞語，表示立遺囑人有能力理解，他是憑藉其遺囑向一位或更多他選擇的對象授予其財物，但他也須有能力理解及記起其財物，及在立遺囑人的遺囑被免除獲得該財物的人所提出的申索的性質：Tse Moon Sak (Executor of the Will of Tse Lai Chiu (已去世)) v Tse Hung [1946–1972] HKC 160。健全而可處置財物的精神狀態及記憶須在簽立遺囑的實際時候存在：Re Ma Shiu-lim, Ma Po-chim v Mar Lok-shan [1992] 2 HKLR 286。重要的是他的知覺及分辨是非的能力不會因精神失常受破壞，或他天生的能力不會受精神失常阻礙，即在處置其財物時，應不受迷惑影響，及不會作出當精神健全時，不會作出有關的處置：Hope v Campbell [1899] AC 1 (上議院)。只是怪行不會阻止一人藉遺囑處理其財物(Pilkington v Gray [1899] AC 401 (樞密院)) ；此外，遺囑條文的揮霍程序本身並非精神不健全的不可推翻的證據 (Austen v Graham (1854) 8 Moo PCC 493)。通常須要醫學證據。有關的測試看來是在最有關訂立遺囑的地方是否有足夠的資格。從主管當局而言，可包括：(1) 理解憑藉有關的遺囑，他正處理其財物，即就其死亡授予他選擇的對象財物；(2) 在訂立遺囑時，認知正被處置財物的可能範圍及價值；(3)了解其他沒有因遺囑而受益的親人或其他人可能的道義上的申索及；(4) 當被提及有關範疇的事實，有足夠的記憶作出最少的反應。Testamentary capacity; Unsound mind。 |
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