| 单词 | Sources of international law |
| 释义 | 國際法來源 Materials and processes out of which the rules and principles regulating the international community are developed. The primary sources of international law are comprised of those elements mentioned by the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ Statute) 1945 art 38(1) which direct the court to apply treaties, international custom, and the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations subject to the ICJ Statute: art 59. Judicial decision and the writings of highly qualified publicists may be used as subsidiary means for the determination of those rules: for example, Continental Shelf case (Tunisia v Libya) 1982 ICJ 18; Nicaragua case (Nicaragua v US) 1986 ICJ 14. ICJ Statute art 59 provides that the decisions of the ICJ have no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case. However, if the parties provide explicit instruction, they may request the ICJ to use its power to decide a case ex aequo et bono, that is ‘in equity and fairness’ which involves compromise and conciliation rather than the common law system’s notion of equity, though the court’s power to do this has been doubted: Free Zones of Upper Savoy and Gex case (France v Switzerland) 1932 PICJ Ser A 13 No 46. See also Custom; Treaty. 發展規管國際社會的規則及原則的材料及程序。國際法的主要來源包括《1945年國際法院法規》（《ICJ法規》）第38(1)條所提及的元素，其中指示法院實施條約、國際慣例，及《ICJ法規》受管轄的文明各國所承認的一般法律原則：第59條。司法裁決及資深政論作家的著作均可作為決定該些規則的補助工具：例如：Continental Shelf case Continental Shelf case (Tunisia v Libya) 1982 ICJ 18; Nicaragua case (Nicaragua v US) 1986 ICJ 14。《ICJ法規》第59條規定ICJ的判決不具約束力，除非是就各方之間及該特定的案件，則不在此限。但倘若各方給予明示指示，他們可請求ICJ使用權力在「公正及公平」的基礎上（ex aequo et bono），即涉及妥協及和解而非普通法的衡平法概念，對案件作出判決；但法院是否有這樣的權力曾受到質疑：Free Zones of Upper Savoy and Gex case (France v Switzerland) 1932 PICJ Ser A 13 No 46。另見 Custom; Treaty。 |
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