| 单词 | Surprise rule |
| 释义 | 難以逆料規則 A rule which requires the parties to an action to plead specifically any matter which would take the opposing party by surprise if it were not pleaded specifically: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 18 r 8(1)(b); Davie v New Merton Board Mills Ltd [1959] AC 604, [1959] 1 All ER 346. One of the functions of properly particularised pleadings is to prevent the other side from being taken by surprise at the trial: Aktieselskabet Dansk Skibsfinansiering v Wheelock Marden [1994] 2 HKC 264. The requirement that in any pleading subsequent to the statement of claim a party must specifically plead any matter showing illegality is mandatory: Shell Chemicals UK Ltd v Vinamul Ltd (formerly Vinyl Products Ltd) (The Times, 7 March 1991, unreported). Examples of matters which may surprise the opposing party if not pleaded specifically include: performance, release, any relevant statute of limitation, fraud or any fact showing illegality. See also Pleadings. 規定訴訟任何一方，就任何如不特別就該事宜作訴即可能會使對方難以逆料的事宜，特別作訴：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第18號命令第8(1)(b)條規則；Davie v New Merton Board Mills Ltd [1956] 1 All ER 379, 1 WLR 233。適當地詳述的狀書的其中一項功能是阻止使另一方在審訴時難以逆料：Aktieselskabet Dansk Skibsfinansiering v Wheelock Marden [1994] 2 HKC 264。在申索陳述書隨後的任何狀書，須特別顯示就任何不合法事情作訴的規定屬強制性：Shell Chemicals UK Ltd v Vinamul Ltd (formerly Vinyl Products Ltd) (時報，1991年3月7日)。如不特別作訴便可使對方難以逆料的事宜的例子包括：履行，獲釋，任何有關關於時效的法規；欺詐；或任何顯示不合法事情的事實。另見 Pleadings。 |
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