| 单词 | Vindictive damages |
| 释义 | 懲罰性損害賠償 A form of damages awarded to punish the defendant for his or her contumelious disregard of the plaintiff’s rights and to deter others from engaging in similar conduct: for example Crouch v Great Northern Rly Co (1856) 11 Exch 742. Vindictive damages are exceptional in tort as they are over and above the amount necessary to compensate the plaintiff for the injury suffered by restoring the plaintiff to the position he or she would have been in had the tort not been committed: Lavender v Betts [1942] 2 All ER 72. Vindictive damages are usually awarded in the case of tortious acts which are aggravated by circumstances of violence, malice, hostility, fraud, or wanton conduct on the defendant’s part. They may be awarded independently of or in addition to compensatory damages: for example Yeung Wah James v Alfa Sea Ltd [1993] 1 HKC 440. Also known as ‘punitive damages’ or ‘exemplary damages’. See also Damages; Exemplary damages. 在以下情況判給的損害賠償：懲罰被告人侮慢地不予理會原告人權利，以及阻嚇其他人作出類似的行為：例如 Crouch v Great Northern Rly Co (1856) 11 Exch 742。在侵權法上．懲罰性損害賠償屬特殊的損害賠償，因其賠償的款額，遠比在回復原告人至侵權行為發生前所應處的情況時（即猶如該侵權行為不曾發生一樣），補償原告人蒙受損害的較高：Lavender v Betts [1942] 2 All ER 72。法庭通常在侵權行為的案件中判予懲罰性損害賠償，在被告人因暴力、惡意、敵對行為、欺詐、胡亂行為等情況下，則判予加重賠償。法庭可獨立判予或在補償性損害賠償之上判予懲罰性損害賠償：例如，Yeung Wah James v Alfa Sea Ltd [1993] 1 HKC 440。另稱「懲戒性的損害賠償」。另見 Damages; Exemplary damages。 |
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