| 单词 | Intoxication |
| 释义 | 昏醉／神智不清 A physical or mental state of inebriation due to the effect of alcohol or drug consumption which may involve loss of control or of reason or a reduced capacity to exercise one’s faculties. Intoxication is relevant to the proof of mens rea. Intoxication can be classified into voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary intoxication means the voluntary taking of alcohol or drugs, which cannot of itself excuses the commission of a crime: HKSAR v Tang Kwok Wai [2000] 2 HKLRD 744 (CA). Whereas involuntary intoxication means an intoxication produced by others, which may be a defence provided that it negatives mens rea; if it does not, it cannot be a defence, but may well be a substantial mitigating factor:R v Bailsy [1983] 2 All ER 503 (CA). The question is whether the defendant was so drunk that he was not capable of forming, and did not form, the intention to cause serious bodily harm: Fung Chun Wai v R [1982] HKLR 302 (CA). Once the issue of involuntary intoxication has been raised, the burden of proof is generally on the prosecution to show that the intoxication was self-induced: R v Yeung Ka Wah [1992] 1 HKC 84 (CA). See also Automatism; Blood alcohol concentration; Circumstantial evidence; Insanity; Voluntariness. Family law - The state of being seriously affected by alcoholic liquor or having drunk intoxicating liquor to the extent of being incapable of controlling one’s actions and language. If a person is induced to go through a ceremony of marriage in a state of intoxication without any real consent to the marriage, the marriage is invalid: Sullivan v Sullivan (falsely called Oldacre) (1818) 2 Hag Con 238. See also Dissolution; Duress; Habitual drunkard. Transport - The state of being under the influence of drink or drugs to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the motor vehicle; or having the proportion of alcohol in his breath, blood or urine exceeding the prescribed limits: Road Traffic Ordinance (Cap.374) ss 39, 39A. A person commits an offence who drives or attempts to drive or is in charge of a motor vehicle on any road when he is intoxicated: ss 39, 39A. See also Breath test; Breathalyser; Driving under the influence. 因飲酒或使用藥物而導致身體上或精神上的醉酒狀態，它可能牽涉失去控制或失去判斷力，或減低行使身體官能的行為能力。神智不清與證明犯罪意圖有關。神智不清可分為自願性及非自願性的。自願神智不清指自願性的飲酒或使用藥物，它本身不能寬宥犯罪：HKSAR v Tang Kwok Wai [2000] 2 HKLRD 744（上訴法院）。非自願神智不清指別人引致的神智不清，如能否定犯罪意圖，它可作為一項抗辯理由；如非自願神智不清不能否定犯罪意圖的，則不可作為一項抗辯理，但卻可成為重大的減刑因素：R v Bailsy [1983] 2 All ER 503（英國上訴法院）。要考慮的問題是，被告人是否非常醉，並達致失去形成，且亦沒有形成引起嚴重身體傷害的意圖：Fung Chun Wai v R [1982] HKLR 302（上訴法院）。不自願神智不清的爭論點一旦被提出，證明神智不清為自我引發的舉證責任一般落在控方身上：R v Yeung Ka Wah [1992] 1 HKC 84（上訴法院）。另見 Automatism; Blood alcohol concentration; Circumstantial evidence; Insanity; Voluntariness。 家庭法 - 處於受酒精嚴重影響的狀態中，或飲用高量的酒以致沒有能力控制自己的行為及說話。如某人在神智不清的狀態中，及在沒有給予真正的同意下，被誘使完成締結婚姻儀式，該婚姻為無效：Sullivan v Sullivan(falsely called Oldacre)(1818) 2 Hag Con 238。另見 Dissolution; Duress; Habitual drunkard。 運輸 - 處於受酒類或藥物影響的狀態中，受影響程度並達致沒有能力妥當地控制汽車；或呼氣、血液或尿液中的酒精比例超過訂明限制：《道路交通條例》（第374章）第39及39A條。任何神智不清人士，在任何道路上駕駛或企圖駕駛或正在掌管汽車，即屬犯罪：第39及39A條。另見 Breath test; Breathalyser; Driving under the influence。n. |
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