| 单词 | Jurisdictional fact doctrine |
| 释义 | 司法事實原則 The doctrine, that a superior court may review an error in a tribunal or inferior court’s decision as to a preliminary state of affairs or factual precondition upon which the tribunal’s jurisdiction depends. Judicial review is confined to a review to error of law only. An inferior body or court has jurisdiction to determine questions of fact, which is generally unreviewable (non-jurisdictional error) but the inferior body cannot give themselves jurisdiction by a wrong decision upon facts; and the High Court may, by way of judicial review, inquire into the correctness of the decision: R v Fulham, Hammersmith & Kensington Rent Tribunal, ex p Zerek [1951] 1 All ER 482, 2 KB 1. The other exceptions as to the unreviewability of facts are that the error of fact is of Wednesbury unreasonableness (Edwards v Bairstow [1956] AC 14, [1955] 3 WLR 410 (HL)); that the tribunal arrived at a conclusion unsupported by the evidence (R v Medical Appeal Tribunal, ex p Gilmore [1957] 1 QB 574, 2 WLR 498 (CA)); that the inferior body failed to apply the correct legal test to the facts (R v Minister of Housing and Local Government, ex p Chichester Rural District Council [1960] 2 All ER 407). Therefore the distinction of jurisdictional error and non-jurisdiction error is so fine that it is to be discarded by the court. The High Court has, and should have, jurisdiction to control the proceedings of inferior courts and tribunals by way of judicial review. When they go wrong in law, the High Court should have power to put them right: R v Apollionia Liu, ex p Lau San Ching & Ors [1994] 4 HKPLR 400, [1995] 2 HKLR 14 (HC). 在此原則下，上級法院可就在審裁處或下級法院的決定中出現的錯誤作出覆核，該等決定對該審裁處的司法管轄權倚據的初步事務狀況或先決條件作出裁定。司法覆核只限於覆核法律錯誤。下級團體或法院有裁斷事實問題的司法管轄權，該等問題一般是不可審核的（即非司法錯誤），但下級法院不可藉對事實作出錯誤裁定而取得司法管轄權；高等法院並可藉司法覆核而對決定的正確性進行查訊：R v Fulham, Hammersmith & Kensington Rent Tribunal, ex p Zerek [1951]1 All ER 482, 2 KB 1。不可覆核事實的其他例外情況包括：事實上的錯誤屬「韋因思伯里不合理情況」(Edwards v Bairstow [1955] 3 WLR 410, [1956] AC 14 （上議院）)；裁判處的裁定沒有證據支持 (R v Medical Appeal Tribunal, ex p Gilmore [1957] 1 QB 574, 2 WLR 498 （英國上訴法院）)；下級團體沒有將正確的法律標準應用於有關事實上(R v Minister of Housing and Local Government, ex p Chichester Rural District Council [1960] 2 All ER 407)。因此司法錯誤跟非司法錯誤的分別細微得被法院摒棄。高等法院有及應有司法管轄權，藉司法覆核而控制下級法院和審裁處的法律程序；凡下級法院和審裁處在法律上犯錯，高等法院應有權將之修正：R v Apollionia Liu, ex p Lau San Ching & Ors [1994] 4 HKPLR 400，[1995] 2 HKLR 14 （高等法院）。 |
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