| 单词 | Child |
| 释义 | 兒童／少年／子女 1.A term that describes the age of a minor, or the familial relationship between a parent and his or her offspring or issue. This term has been used for person under the age of 14, 15 and 18 dependent upon the context of the statute in each case. It means a person under the age of 15 years: Employment Ordinance (Cap 57) s 2. Child also means a person who is, in the opinion of the court having cognizance of any case in relation to such person, under the age of 14 years: Juvenile Offenders Ordinance (Cap 226) s 2. It also means a person under the age of 18 years: Domestic Violence Ordinance (Cap 189) s 2. 2. In the law of evidence, ‘child’ means a person under 14 years of age: Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8). There are special rules applicable to the evidence of a child witness in a criminal proceeding. A child witness may give evidence or be examined by way of a live television link if it is a proceeding in respect of an offence of sexual abuse, cruelty or which involves an assault on, or injury or a threat of injury to, a person: Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap 221) s 79B. A recording is admissible if the child was under 17 when the interview was made and is under 18 when the recording is tendered in evidence: Chim Hon Man v HKSAR [1999] 1 HKC 428, 1 HKLRD 764 (CFA). The word ‘child’, where appearing in s 79B(2), bears different meanings, according to whether a child is ‘to give evidence’ or ‘be examined on video recorded evidence’. In the first case, ‘child’ means under 17; in the second, it means under 18: Chim Hon Man v HKSAR, supra. 3. In taxation law, a child allowance can be granted if the person had living and was maintaining at any time during the year of assessment a unmarried child: Inland Revenue Ordinance (Cap 112) s 31. ‘Child’ is defined as any child of a person or of his or her spouse or former spouse whether or not born in the wedlock and includes the adopted or step child of either or both of them: s 27. A ‘child’ for the purpose of child allowance is an unmarried child who was under the age of 18; of or over the age of 18 years but under the age of 25 years and was receiving full time education at a university, college, school or other similar educational establishment; or of or over the age of 18 years and was, by reason of physical or mental disability, incapacitated for work: s 31. 4. In succession law, and family provision and status of children legislation, ‘child’ includes illegitimate or ex-nuptial children; adopted children in relation to their adoptive parent(s) and artificially conceived children: Widows and Orphans Pension Ordinance (Cap 94) s 2; Estate Duty Ordinance (Cap 111) s 7; Intestates’ Estates Ordinance (Cap 73) ss 3A, 4, 5; Parent and Child Ordinance (Cap 429) ss 11, 12, 13. ‘Child’ includes an adopted child and a stillborn child, but not, in general, an unborn child: In the Marriage of F (1989) 13 Fam LR 189; Inheritance (Provision for family and dependants) Ordinance (Cap 481) s 2. See also Adopted child; Artificially conceived child; Dependant; Issue; Presumption of legitimacy. 1. 用以描述未成年人的年齡，或父母與其的子嗣之間的家族關係的用語。視乎有關法例的內容，該用詞一直用於未滿14歲、未滿15歲及未滿18歲的人身上。兒童指未滿15歲的人：《僱傭條例》（第57章）第2條。兒童亦指被審理任何關於該兒童的案件之法院認為是未滿14歲的人：《少年犯條例》（第226章）第2條。兒童亦指未滿十八歲的人：《家庭暴力條例》（第189章）第2條。 2.在證據法中，「兒童」指未滿14歲的人：《證據條例》（第8章）。在刑事訴訟程序中，就兒童作為證人所提供的證據，有適用的某些特別規則。在性虐待罪行、殘暴罪行或涉及襲擊、傷害或恐嚇傷害任何人的罪行之法律程序中，兒童證人可提供證據或藉電視直播聯繫接受訊問：《刑事訴訟程序條例》（第221章）第79B條。若會面時該兒童在未滿17歲，及提交錄影紀錄作為證據時，該兒童在未滿18歲，則該紀錄可獲接納為證據：Chim Hon Man v HKSAR [1999] 1 HKC 428, 1 HKLRD 764 （終審法院）。視乎該兒童是「提供證據」或通過「錄影紀錄證據接受訊問」，第79B（2）條中出現的「兒童」一詞有不同的涵義。在前者的情況，「兒童」指不足17歲；後者的指不足18歲：Chim Hon Man v HKSAR，見上文。 3.在稅務法上，某人如在課稅年度內任何時間有在世子女，並供養該子女，則該人可獲給予子女免稅額：《稅務條例》（第112章）第33條。「子女」被界定為任何人的子女或該人的配偶或前任配偶的子女，不論該子女是否婚生，並包括該人或其配偶各自的或兩人共有的領養子女或繼子女：第27條。就子女免稅額而言，「子女」指未滿18歲的未婚子女；年滿18歲但未滿25歲，並在任何大學、學院、學校或其他相類似的教育機構接受全日制教育的；年滿18歲，但因身體上或精神上的無能力而不能工作的：《稅務條例》（第112章）第33條。 4.在繼承法上、有關家庭給養及有關子女地位的立法中，「子女」包括非婚生子女或婚姻以外所生子女；領養子女與其領養父／母的關係；以及經人工受孕所生的子女：《孤寡撫恤金條例》（第94章）第2條；《遺產稅條例》（第111章）第7條；《無遺囑者遺產條例》（第73章）第3A、4及5條；《父母與子女條例》（第429章）第11、12及13條。「子女」包括領養子女及非活產子女，但一般不包括未出生子女：In the Marriage of F (1989) 13 Fam LR 189；《財產繼承（供養遺屬及受養人）條例》（第481章）第2條：另見 Adopted child; Artificially conceived child; Dependant; Issue; Presumption of legitimacy。n. |
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