| 单词 | Consolidation of actions |
| 释义 | 訴訟案合併 The uniting of several actions into one hearing or trial, by court order, where all the actions are between the same parties in respect of the same or other connected cause of action or brought by different persons against the same person arising out of the same incident, pending in the same court and involving substantially the same subject matter, issues and defences: Bailey v Duggan, Bailey v Curzon of Kedleston (Marchioness) [1932] 2 KB 392. For examples, the consolidation of actions in admiralty proceedings, which is made on the same basis as in other actions in the Court of First Instance: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 4 r 9. Also, the consolidation of actions in civil proceedings such as construction disputes: Y T Leung Dredging and Construction Co Ltd v Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd, Y T Leung Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd v Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd (CACV 39/89, unreported). This may be done to avoid unnecessary cost or delay. Consolidation of actions should be distinguished from joinder of causes of action: O 4 r 9. Consolidation is wider in scope than joinder of causes of action, as two or more actions can be consolidated in an appropriate case even where they involve different plaintiffs or different defendants, but the right to join causes of action is restricted to situations where the plaintiff wishes to bring several causes of action against the same defendant: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 5, Civil Procedure [90.282]. See also Addition of new causes. 將數宗訴訟案經法庭命令合併為一宗來聆訊或審判， 而有關的數宗訴訟案， 全部都是相同的對立當事人， 就相同的訟因或其它有關連的訟因， 相互爭訟; 又或由不同的人士向同一個人起訴， 而訟因源於同一事件， 在同一法院有待裁決， 以及涉及實質相同的標的事項， 爭論點， 和抗辯: 參看案例Bailey v Duggan， Bailey v Curzon of Kedleston (Marchioness) [1932] 2 KB 392. 例如， 海事法律程序中的訴訟案合併， 而有關的合併依據和原訟法庭訴訟案的合併依據相同: 參看《高等法院規則》（香港法例第4A章）第4號命令第9條. 此外， 還有民事法律程序中訴訟案的合併， 例如， 建造工程的爭議: 參看案例 Y T Leung Dredging and Construction Co Ltd v Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd， Y T Leung Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd v Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd（民事上訴1989年第39號，未經彙報） 這樣的合併可能是為了避免不必要地招致訟費， 或不必要地延誤. 訴訟案的合併跟訴訟因由的合併有所區別: 參看《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第4號命令第9條. 訴訟案合併的範圍， 較諸訴訟因由的合併範圍廣闊得多. 因為兩個或兩個以上的訴訟案在適當情況下可以合併， 即使訴訟案涉及不同原告人或不同被告人， 但將訴訟因由合併的權利， 卻只限於原告人向同一被告人提出數個訴訟因由的情況：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong，第5冊，民事訴訟程序，第[90.282]段。另見 Addition of new causes。 |
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