| 单词 | Reasonable man |
| 释义 | 合理的人 A person who possesses the faculty of reason and engages in conduct in accordance with community standards. A fictitious, imaginary, or hypothetical person of ordinary prudence, intelligence, and skill under the circumstances: King v Phillips [1953] 1 All ER 617. In negligence law, liability is limited to those consequences of acts which a reasonable man of ordinary intelligence and experience so acting would have in contemplation: Glasgow Corporation v Muir [1943] AC 448. A reasonable man is expected to exercise care to prevent accident: Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850. The standard of care expected of the reasonable person is determined by reference to the state of knowledge at the time the act was done: Ho Yee Sup v Dr May Chan Yuk May [1991] 1 HKC 499. In criminal law, a person may commit manslaughter if he or she causes the death of a person by an act or omission which falls so short of the standard of care required by a reasonable person that it goes beyond a matter of civil wrong and amounts to a crime: R v Adomako [1995] 1 AC 171, [1994] 3 All ER 79 (HL). A person may also commit manslaughter where he or she kills a person by an act which is dangerous and which a reasonable person would have appreciated exposed others to the risk of serious injury: DPP v Newbury [1977] AC 500, [1976] 2 All ER 365 (HL). Also known as ‘reasonable person’. See also Criminal negligence. 有理智的人及按照社會標準行事的人。在個別情況中所虛構、想像、或假設有謹慎、智慧和技術的人：King v Phillips [1953] 1 All ER 617。在疏忽法，法律責任限於有一般智能及經驗的合理人如此行事可預料有關行為的後果：Glasgow Corporation v Muir [1943] AC 448。期望合理的人會小心防止意外發生：Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850。參考在行事時所認知的狀況以裁斷合理的人的應有的小心標準：Ho Yee Sup v Dr May Chan Yuk May（HCA 3490/86, 未經彙報）。在刑法，如一人以某行為或不作為引致他人死亡，一人可犯誤殺，因達不到合理的人要求的小心標準，已超逾民事過失的事宜，及等於犯罪：R v Adomako [1995] 1 AC 171, [1994] 3 All ER 79（上議院）。如一人以危險的行為殺害他人，及合理的人已知道會使他人蒙受嚴重損害的危險，一人可犯誤殺：DPP v Newbury [1977] AC 500, [1976] 2 All ER 36 （上議院）。另稱「有理智的人」。另見 Criminal negligence。 |
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