| 单词 | Denial of natural justice |
| 释义 | 否定自然公義 An act of a state or territory denying or obstructing the access of an alien to local courts or tribunals, contravening the state’s or territory’s international responsibility. The traditional European concept embraces acting fairly, in good faith, and without bias; granting adequate opportunity to state a case and give an answer; and giving notice of charges and all relevant documents. If a litigant who does not understand the language of a court in Hong Kong or the language of a relevant witness is denied the assistance of a competent interpreter to enable him to understand the proceedings, to give his evidence, to present his case and to deal with the case against him in a language which he spoke and understood, then, unless the litigant had knowingly waived his rights, there had been a denial of natural justice and the litigant would be entitled to relief: In the Estate of Fuld (dec’d), Hartley v Fuld (No 2) [1965] 2 All ER 657, 3 WLR 162; Chan Ting Wai (t/a Wing Tai International Co (HK)) v Both Good Co [1986] HKC 375 (CA). If a defendant was denied a fair opportunity of cross-examining or a reasonable opportunity to prepare his defence, he has been denied fundamental natural justice: Re Ngai Kin Wah [1987] 1 HKC 236 (HC); Re Armour Insurance Co Ltd [1990] 2 HKC 227 (CA). Before alleging a denial of natural justice, an alien must exhaust all local remedies. See also Natural justice. 指否定或妨礙外籍人士向本地法院申訴的權利的國家或地區的行為，此等行為違反有關國家或地區的國際責任。傳統的歐洲概念包含行為公正、真誠及不存偏見；給予充分的機會呈述案件及給予答辯，並發出控罪通知和一切有關文件。如不明白香港法院或有關證人所使用語文的訴訟人，被否定獲得合資格傳譯員之協助的權利，即讓他能明白有關的訴訟程序，作出舉證及提出其案，並以一種他能表達及明白的語言處理針對他的案件，在這情況下，除非有關的訴訟人明知而放棄了自己的權利，否則這已構成否定自然公義，而訴訟人則有權獲得濟助：In the Estate of Fuld (dec’d), Hartley v Fuld (No 2) [1965] 2 All ER 657, 3 WLR 162；Chan Ting Wai (t/a Wing Tai International Co (HK)) v Both Good Co [1986] HKC 375 （上訴法庭）。如被告人被否定獲得盤問的公平機會或準備他的抗辯的合理機會，則他已被否定了基本的自然公義：Re Ngai Kin Wah [1987] 1 HKC 236 （高等法院）; Re Armour Insurance Co Ltd [1990] 2 HKC 227 （上訴法庭）。外籍人士在宣稱被否定自然公義之前，必須先竭盡一切當地的補救辦法。另見 Natural justice。 |
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