| 单词 | Contract |
| 释义 | 合約 1. A legally binding promise or agreement. It is an act in law where two or more persons declare their consent as to any act or thing to be done or forborne by some or one of them for the use of the others or other of them: Foster v Wheeler (1887) 36 Ch D 695. An act or forbearance of one party, or the promise to act or forbear, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable: Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847. A promise or agreement is not legally binding and enforceable as a contract unless the requirements for contract formation, including consideration and certainty of agreement is satisfied. Not all contracts are negotiated, formally agreed and be reduced into writing. Contracts are frequently informal, with little specific negotiation, and terms are often implied to complete the situations or in certain commonly occurring contractual relationships (such as sale of goods, employment, and landlord and tenant). 2. The body of general principle pertaining to the various branches of contract law, such as sale of goods contracts or charterparties: Cehave NV v Bremer Handelgesellschaft mbH (The Hansa Nord) [1975] 3 All ER 739, [1976] QB 44. Such a usage is consistent with the unitary theory of contract. 3. The act of two or more persons entering into an agreement. 4. The form or document that embodies the terms of an agreement between parties, for example a ‘standard form tenancy agreement’. See also Acceptance; Agreement; Bargain; Consideration; Offer; Promise. 1.有法律約束力的承諾或協議。合約屬法律上的行為，即兩個或以上人士對他們其中部份人或一人所作或不作出的任何行為或事情而表明同意，或不作出而該作為或不作為使他們其中的另一些人或另一人受益：Foster v Wheeler (1887) 36 Ch D 695。一方的作為或不作為、或承諾作為或不作為代表另一方獲得該承諾的代價，以有值代價作出的承諾因此是可強制執行的：Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847。除非達成合約的要求（包括協議的代價及確定性），否則該承諾或協議在法律上並無約束力和並不可被強制執行。並非所有合約皆經過商議、正式協定及總括為文字紀錄。通常合約也是不拘形式及只有少量明確的商議，並通常默示某些條款以包括所有情況，於普遍發生的合約關係（例如貨品的買賣、僱傭及業主與租客）中默不該些條款。 2. 關於合約法不同分支的一般準則：Cehave NV v Bremer Handelgesellschaft mbH (The Hansa Nord) [1975] 3 All ER 739, [1976] QB 44。此慣例與合約的單一制相符，例如售貨合約或租船合約。 3.兩個或以上人士訂立協議的行為。 4.載有各方之間的協議條款的格式或文件，例如「標準租賃協議」。另見 Acceptance; Agreement; Bargain; Consideration; Offer; Promise。n. |
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