| 单词 | Reservation |
| 释义 | 保留權益 The making of some ‘exception’ by which a legal right is withheld or preserved. In a wide sense, any benefit in respect of the subject matter of the grant which is kept by the grantor for himself. It may imply a keeping back of a physical part of the thing, in which case it is equivalent to an exception; and, accordingly, where the context requires it, ‘reserving’ is construed as making an exception by which a legal right is withheld or preserved: Doe d Douglas v Lock (1835) 2 Ad & El 705. See also Exception; Grant. Conflict of laws - A unilateral statement made by a state when signing or ratifying a treaty, by which the state excludes or modifies the legal effect of certain provisions of the agreement in their application to that state: Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 art 2 para 1(d). See also Treaty. Deeds and other instruments - In relation to a deed or instrument under hand, an action taken in relation to a thing that is not in existence but newly created out of a thing granted: Doe d Douglas v Lock (1835) 2 Ad & El 705, 111 ER 271. The reservation may operate in favour of a person who is not a party to the deed: Wickham v Hawker (1840) 7 M & W 63. There may be a reservation out of an oral demise: Bridgland v Shapter (1839) 5 M & W 375. The difference between a reservation and an exception is that, in the first case, the thing reserved is not something which was in being immediately before the assignment, but is newly created or reserved out of the land upon the execution of the deed; an exception, on the other hand, is part of the thing conveyed in being before the assignment, but which is excepted from the operation of the deed: Jones v Consolidated Anthracite Collieries Ltd [1916] 1 KB 123. See also Deed; Exception; Instrument under hand. Landlord and tenant - If used in its strict legal sense, it refers to the payment of rent or rendering of other services by the tenant: Mason v Clarke [1954] 1 QB 460, 1 All ER 189 (CA). ‘Reserving’ may also imply that the grantor is keeping for himself some right of user or of taking the profits of the land, and in conveyancing practice the words ‘except and reserving’ usually introduce the creation in favour of the landlord of an easement, or of a profit à prendre, such as the free running of water and soil coming from adjacent buildings (Chadwick v Marsden (1867) LR 2 Exch 285), or rights of way and other easements over the demised premises (Lord Dynevor v Tennant (1888) 13 App Cas 279 (HL)). See also Easement; Reservation of title; Reservation of easement; Right of way. 因作出若干「原權益保留」而法律權利受到扣減或保留。廣義而言，任何授予人就授權的主題為自己保存的利益。可意味著回復保留事物的實質部分，在此情況等於原權益保留；及因而按照文意的要求，「保留」可解釋為作出原權益保留，有關的法律權利受到扣減或保留：Doe d Douglas v Lock (1835) 2 Ad & El 705。另見 Exception; Grant。 法律衝突 - 在簽署或糾正條約時一個國家單方面作出的聲明，有關的國家以此聲明免除或修改若干在其國家適用的協議條文的法律效力：《1969年維也納條約法公約》第2條第1(d)段。另見 Treaty。 契據及其他文書 - 就契據及其他經簽署的文書而言，並非就現有的東西提起的訴訟，而是就剛自授予的東西所產生的東西：Doe d Douglas v Lock (1835) 2 Ad & El 705, 111 ER 271。新權益保留可起惠及非契據一方的作用：Wickham v Hawker (1840) 7 M & W 63。口頭批租可產生新權益保留：Bridgland v Shapter (1839) 5 M & W 375。新權益保留與原權益保留的分別在於前者要保留的東西並非在緊接轉讓前已存在的，而是契據簽立前才產生自有關土地或就在有關土地保留的東西；原權益保留則是轉讓前已存在的轉易東西的一部份，並經契據而被保留：Jones v Consolidated Anthracite Collieries Ltd [1916] 1 KB 123。另見 Deed; Exception; Instrument under hand。 業主與租客 - 在嚴格的法律意義上使用，指租客支付的租金或租客提供的其他服務：Mason v Clarke [1954] 1 QB 460, 1 All ER 189 (芵國上訴法院)。保留亦可隱含授予人為自己保留某些使用權，或保留獲取來自該土地的利潤，而在轉易的習慣上，「除此及保留」一般引進為惠及業主而產生的地役權，或引進自他人土地獲得某東西的權利，如從毗鄰建築物獲得的自來水或泥土(Chadwick v Marsden (1867) LR 2 Exch 285)，或引進就批租處所的通道權及其他地役權 (Lord Dynevor v Tennant (1888) 13 App Cas 279 (上議議))。另見 Easement; Reservation of title; Reservation of easement; Right of way。n. |
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