| 单词 | Documentary evidence |
| 释义 | 文件證據 Evidence that is recorded on paper or on computer records. In general, testifying witnesses have to ‘speak to’ the documents, proving that they are duly executed before they can be admitted as evidence. Further, the documents produced have to comply with the Best Evidence Rule, meaning that they have to be original, unless under certain exceptions. Statements contained in a document produced by a computer as prima facie evidence of any fact stated in the document is admissible: Evidence Ordinance (Cap 8) s 22A. The pre-condition of admissibility is that the computer concerned must be operating properly: s 22A(2)(c). Access by other people to the computer record does not impugn the compliance with the conditions set down in the s 22A(2)(c), as long as the tribunal of facts is convinced that such access is authorised and thereby unlikely to result in any material interference with the record: R v Cheung Wai Wan [1994] 1 HKC 591. Even if s 22A(2) is not complied, a computer record may nonetheless be admissible for purposes other than proving a fact stated in the record: s 22A(11); S-J v Lui Kin Hong Jerry [2000] 1 HKC 95 (CFA); Bruce & McCoy’s Criminal Evidence in Hong Kong Divider XII. See also Best evidence rule; Hearsay; Original document; Parol evidence rule; Privilege; Secondary evidence. 記錄在文件或電腦紀錄上的證據。概括而言，作供的證人須就有關文件「作證」，以證明該等文件在可被接納為證據之前已妥為簽立。此外，提交的文件須符合最佳證據原則，即除若干例外情況外，該等文件須為正本。一項載於由電腦製作的文件內的陳述，可獲接納作為該文件內所述任何事實的表面證據：《證據條例》 （第8章） 第22A條。可接納性的先決條件是有關電腦運作正常：第22A (2)(c) 條。如裁斷事實的審裁處信納他人是在獲授權的情況下使用有關電腦的、及因而相當不可能導致任何有關紀錄被受干預，則此等電腦紀錄的使用並不會受到質疑違反第22A (2)(c) 條所定下的條件：R v Cheung Wai Wan [1994] 1 HKC 591。即使沒有遵從第22A(2)(c)條的規定，但目的並非是證明該文件內所述事實的電腦紀錄則仍可獲接納：第22A (11) 條；S-J v Lui Kin Hong Jerry [2000] 1 HKC 95 (終審法院)；Bruce & McCoy’s Criminal Evidence in Hong Kong Divider XII。另見 Best evidence rule; Hearsay; Original document; Parol evidence rule; Privilege; Secondary evidence。 |
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