| 单词 | Right of pre-emption |
| 释义 | 優先購買權 A personal right which gives the holder a privilege, in priority to third parties, to have first refusal of the property if, and when, the vendor decides to sell, subject always to the terms of the pre-emption which may have restrictions as to the timing of its exercise. It differs from an option in that it is not an offer to sell, and in itself it imposes no obligation on the owner to sell. He may do so or not as he wishes; but if he does decide to sell, then the holder of the right of pre-emption has the right to receive the first offer, which he also may accept or not as he wishes: Pritchard v Briggs [1980] Ch 338, 1 All ER 294 (CA). Since the obligation is merely to offer first refusal, a right of pre-emption ‘at a figure to be agreed upon’ is not void for uncertainty: Smith v Morgan [1971] 2 All ER 1500, [1971] 1 WLR 803. Also known as ‘right of first refusal’. It is important to distinguish between a right of pre-emption and an option because the latter is an interest in land whereas the former is merely a personal right. A feature which appears to signify a right of pre-emption is the ability of the grantor of the right to prevent the occurrence of the event on the happening of which an obligation to offer for sale or a right to purchase is to arise, but this is not an essential characteristic of such a right. See also Pre-emption; Priority. 倘若及當賣方決定出售財物時，給與特權持有人有首先拒絕的個人權利（優先於第三者），但須附合優先購買權的期限（可能有使用時間限制）。優先購買權不同於選擇權，優先購買權並非發售要約，及本身沒有在擁有人身上加諸出售的責任。賣方可視乎他是否願意而出售或不出售；但如他確實決定出售，則優先購買權的持有人有權獲得首先的要約，他也可視乎自己是否願意而接受或不接受：Pritchard v Briggs [1980] Ch 338, 1 All ER 294（英國上訴法院）。鑒於有關的責任僅是作出首先的拒絕， 「數額有待協議的」優先購買權利並不會因為不確定而無效：Smith v Morgan [1971] 2 All ER 1500, [1971] 1 WLR 803。另稱「優先權」。須區別優先購買權利和選擇權，因為選擇權是土地的權益，而優先購買權利僅是個人的權利。有優先購買權利特徵的項目，是授予人有能力阻止導致會產生發售要約責任或購買權利的事情發生，但這不是此權利的重要特徵。另見 Pre-emption; Priority。 |
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