| 单词 | Summing up |
| 释义 | 總結詞 The summation by a judge of the evidence and directions of law to a jury at the end of a trial, before the jury retires to consider their verdict. At the conclusion of a trial before the Court of First Instance, the trial judge has the duty to sum up the facts and direct the jury as to the law that they must apply in determining their verdict: R v Newman (1913) 9 Cr App Rep 134 (CCA). In the presentation of the facts and issues before the jury the summing up must present a fair and unbalanced picture of the prosecution and defence cases before the jury: HKSAR v Lung Cheuk Tong [1999] 4 HKC 179 (CA). In this regard, the summing up should include appropriate references to (1) the burden and standard of proof (R v Sze Sing-ming [1991] 2 HKLR 481 (CA)); (2) the elements of the offence with which the accused is charged (R v Li For Nam [1988] HKC 415 (CA)); (3) presumptions that may arise out of the facts on the case (R v Wu Man-choi [1979] HKLR 174 (CA)); (4) where there is more than one count or accused, directions to the jury that they should deal with each count or accused separately (Chim Hon Man v HKSAR [1999] 1 HKC 428, 1 HKLRD 764 (CFA); (5) where there is more than one accused and the basis upon which each accused is liable is different, the basis of liability (R v Au Chi-kong (CACC358/86, unreported)); (6) the defence case in a manner which the jury can appreciate (Chai Chung-lam & Ors v R (CACC 92/92, unreported)). In relation to the law, the summing up need not be a treatise or dissertation on the relevant law but should be tailored to the circumstances and the real issues in the case: R v Ching Kwok-wing [1994] 2 HKC 715, 1 HKCLR 246. See also Reply; Right to begin; Trial. 由法官在審訴結束時，及在陪審團退庭考慮其裁決前，總結證據及向陪審團作出法律指引。在原訟法庭席前審訊完結時，審訴法官有責任總結有關的事實，及對陪審團在法律方面作出指引，即陪審團在考慮其裁決時須採用的指引：R v Newman (1913) 9 Cr App Rep 134（刑事上訴法院）。在陪審團席前提出事實及爭論點時，法官須既公平又不偏不倚地呈現有關控告及抗辯的總結詞：HKSAR v Lung Cheuk Tong [1999] 4 HKC 179 （上訴法庭）。在這方面，總結詞應適當地提述 (1)舉證責任及準則（R v Sze Sing-ming [1991] 2 HKLR 481 (上訴法庭)）；(2) 被告被控告罪行的元素 (R v Li For Nam [1988] HKC 415（上訴法庭）)； (3)在有關案件的事實上可產生的推定 (R v Wu Man-choi [1979] HKLR 174（上訴法庭）)；(4) 如有超過一項罪名或一個被告，則應向陪審團作出各別處理的指示 (Chim Hon Man v HKSAR [1999] 1 HKC 428, 1 HKLRD 764（終審法院）；(5) 如有多過一個被告人，但每一個被告人的法律責任的依據不同，則須作出每一項法律責任的指引 （R v Au Chi-kong （CACC358/86, 未經彙報））；(6)陪審團可了解抗辯的方式（R v Chai Chung-lam（刑事上訴，1992年第92號，未經彙報））。就法律而言，有關的總結詞不須在有關的法律上作出專題論文，但應按有關案件的情況及真正的爭議點作出：R v Ching Kwok-wing [1994] 2 HKC 715, 1 HKCLR 246。另見Reply; Right to begin; Trial。 |
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