| 单词 | Incapacity |
| 释义 | 無行為能力／喪失能力 Physically, mentally or legally unable. Contract - Legal inability to enter into a contract. Persons lacking full contractual capacity include bankrupts, minors, persons of unsound mind, alien enemies and drunkards. Corporations, companies, partnerships and receivers are only capable of contracting in a particular manner: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 7, Contract [115.025]. See also Alien enemy; Bankrupt. Criminal law - An inability by operation of law, often by reason of the age of the person affected; for example the inability to commit a criminal offence (doli incapax) and the inability to give sworn evidence. Under the age of ten a child is conclusively presumed to be incapable of committing a crime. Such a child is said to be doli incapax: Juvenile Offenders Ordinance (Cap 226) s 3. See also Doli incapax; Infancy. Tort - A defence to intentional torts, that the defendant lacked the capacity to do the tortious act alleged. Although a child could be sued in tort as if he were of full age, however, the child may defend in any proceedings by his guardian ad litem: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 80 r 2(1). The age of the child is relevant in cases involving negligence, intention or malice and the test is whether an ordinarily prudent and reasonable child of the defendant’s age, in the defendant’s situation, would have appreciated the risk: Mullin v Richards & Anor [1998] 1 All ER 920, 1 WLR 1304 (CA). It is a question of fact whether particular state of mind required for the tort for which it is sought to make him liable: Yachuk v Oliver Blais Co Ltd [1949] AC 386, 2 All ER 150 (PC). Mentally disordered persons are liable to the same extent as sane persons, provided that they have that state of mind which is required for liability in the particular tort: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 25, Tort [380.022]. See also Capacity; Insanity. 身體上、精神上或法律上無能力。 合約 - 法律上無能力訂立合約。沒有充分能力訂立合約的人包括破產人、未成年人、精神不健全的人、外籍敵人及酗酒者。法團、公司、合夥及破產管理人僅可以某特定方式締約：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第7冊，合約，第[115.025]段。另見 Alien enemy; Bankrupt。 刑法 - 藉法律施行的無能力，通常由於受影響人士的年紀所致；例如無能力犯刑事罪行（無犯罪能力）及無能力經宣誓作證。法律不可推翻地推定10歲以下兒童無能力犯罪，此等兒童稱為「無犯罪能力」：《少年犯條例》（第226章）第3條。另見 Doli incapax; Infancy。 侵權 - 蓄意侵權行為的免責辯護，即被告人缺乏作出該項指稱侵權行為的能力。儘管兒童可猶如成年人一樣就侵權而被起訴，但在任何法律程序中，兒童可由其起訴監護人代表作抗辯：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第80號命令第2(1)條。就涉及疏忽、蓄意或惡意的案件而言，兒童的年紀有關，而有關的驗證是如一名與被告人年齡相若而一般會審慎及合理行事的兒童身處被告人的處境，會否已意識到到有關的危險：Mullin v Richards & Anor [1998] 1 All ER 920, 1 WLR 1304（英國上訴法院）。就謀求被告人負有法律責任而提出的侵權行為而言，是否須有特定的思想狀態，是事實問題：Yachuk v Oliver Blais Co Ltd [1949] AC 386, 2 All ER 150（樞密院）。凡精神紊亂的人有該特定侵權行為的法律責任所須的思想狀態，則應跟神智正常的人負有同等的法律責任：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong,第25冊，侵權，第[380.022]段。另見 Capacity; Insanity。n. |
| 随便看 |
|
法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。