| 单词 | Waste |
| 释义 | 廢物 Something that is unproductive or superfluous. Environment - Any substance or article which is abandoned: Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap 132) s 2 (1). It includes animal waste, chemical waste, household waste, livestock waste, street waste and trade waste: Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap 354) s 2. It also includes used water from a waste fitment or similar fitment: Building (Standards of Sanitary Fitments, Plumbing, Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulations (Cap 123I) reg 2. There are other wastes, such as radioactive waste (Radiation (Control of Radioactive Substances) Regulations (Cap 303A) reg 2), and construction waste (Air Pollution Control (Open Burning) Ordinance (Cap 311 O) s 2). A person shall not use or permit to be used any land or premises for the disposal of waste unless he has a licence to use the land or premises for that purpose: Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap 354) ss 16. Any person who deposits or causes or permits to be deposited any waste in a public place, on any government land, or on any land other than government land without the consent of the owner or occupier, without lawful authority or excuse, commits an offence: s 16A. See also Effluent; Pollution. Real property - Any act or omission which causes a lasting alteration to the nature of the land in question to the prejudice of the person who has the remainder or reversion of the land: West Ham Central Charity Board v East London Waterworks Co [1900] 1 Ch 624; Hyman v Rose [1912] AC 623. The obligation not to commit waste is an obligation in tort, and is independent of contract or implied covenant: Kamshan Holdings Ltd v Chan Tung Man [1999] 4 HKC 303. A tenant has a duty arising under the law of tort not to commit waste: for example Cheung Yeung Kan v Liu Kwan [1973-1976] HKC 237. Waste may be voluntary, permissive, ameliorating or equitable. Voluntary waste occurs when the tenant does a deliberate or negligent act which tends to destroy or diminish the premises (Mancetter Developments Ltd v Garmanson Ltd [1986] QB 1212, All ER 499 (CA)); ameliorating waste occurs when the acts done improve the premises; permissive waste occurs when the tenant fails to act and damage results to the premises (Herne v Bembow (1813) 4 Taunt 764); and equitable waste occurs when the tenant does what a prudent man would not do in the management of his own property. All tenants (except tenants at will, who are not really tenants at all) must not commit voluntary waste. Fixed-term tenants are liable for permissive waste. Periodic tenants are not liable for permissive waste as such: Merry Hong Kong Tenancy Law (4th Ed, Butterworths) pp 57-58. The measure of damages in an action for waste is the diminution in the value of the reversion, less a discount for immediate payment. The successor landlord will not succeed in an action for waste which occurred before the premises was sold to him, unless the right of action has also been assigned to him: Chan Tung Man v Kamshan Holdings Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 303 (CA); Chan Tung Man v Kamshan Holdings Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 303, (CA). See also Equitable waste; Hazardous substance; Permissive waste; Reversioner; Waste land. 不毛的或多餘的東西。 環境 - 任何被扔棄的物質或物品：《公眾衛生及市政條例》（第132章）第2(1)條。該等物質或物品包括：動物廢物、化學廢物、住戶廢物、禽畜廢物、街道廢物及行業廢物：《廢物處置條例》（第354章）第2條。該等物質或物品亦包括：廢水設備或類似設備中的廢水：建築物（衛生設備標準、水管、排水工程及廁所）規例（第123I章）第2條。另有其他廢物，如放射性廢料（《輻射（管制放射性物質）規例》（第303A章）第2條）、及建造廢物（《空氣污染管制（露天焚燒）規例》（第311 O章）第2條）。任何人不得使用或准許他人使用任何土地或處所處置廢物，除非他已獲簽發牌照準許他使用該土地或處所作該用途：廢物處置條例（第354章）第16條。任何人如無合法權限或辯解而將任何廢物存放，促使或准許存放在公眾地方、任何政府土地上、或沒有有關的擁有人或佔用人同意下而在任何並非政府土地的土地上，即屬犯罪：第16A條。另見 Effluent; Pollution。 不動產 - 任何會導致有關土地的性質作出永久改變的作為或不作為，並對就土地有指定繼承權或復歸權益的人不利者：West Ham Central Charity Board v East London Waterworks Co [1900] 1 Ch 624; Hyman v Rose [1912] AC 623。不作出損毀的義務屬侵權法的義務，並獨立於合約或隱含契諾的義務：Kamshan Holdings Ltd v Chan Tung Man [1999] 4 HKC 303。侵權法賦予組合不作出損毀的義務：舉例，Cheung Yeung Kan v Liu Kwan [1973-1976] HKC 237。損毀可以是隨意性的、容許性的、改善性的或公平性的。隨意性損毀指租戶作出對處所有破壞性的故意或無意作為 (Mancetter Developments Ltd v Garmanson Ltd [1986] QB 1212, All ER 499（上訴法庭）)；改善性損毀指租戶的作為有助於改善處所狀況；容許性損毀指因不作為而導致處所受到損害(Herne v Bembow (1813)4 Taunt 764)；公平性損毀是指租戶在管理其自身財產時，作出謹慎人士所不會作出的作為。所有租戶（未訂契約的租戶，即非真正租戶除外）不得作出隨意性損毀。定期租戶須對容許性損毀承擔責任。週期性租戶無須就容許性損毀承擔責任：Merry Hong Kong Tenancy Law（第4版，Butterworths）第57-58頁。損毀作為所造成的損失的衡量標準為，複歸權益的減值減即時付款的折扣。後繼業主並不繼承在其購入處所前發生的損毀訴訟，除非其亦接受訴訟權的轉讓：Chan Tung Man v Kamshan Holdings Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 303（上訴法庭）; Chan Tung Man v Kamshan Holdings Ltd [1999] 4 HKC 303,（上訴法庭）。另見 Equitable waste; Hazardous substance; Permissive waste; Reversioner; Waste land。 n. |
| 随便看 |
|
法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。