| 单词 | Wrongful dishonour |
| 释义 | 不當不兌現 A refusal or failure of a bank to pay a customer’s cheque in spite of the customer having sufficient funds in the account to meet it. It can be due to a mistake of the bank, for example, its ignoring the credit to the account: Gibbons v Westminster Bank Ltd [1939] 2 KB 882, or its forgetting that it permitted the customer to overdraw: Rouse v Bradford Banking Co Ltd [1894] AC 586. The customer may claim against the bank for breach of contract, although the award of substantial damages for loss of business reputation appears to have an obvious affinity with tortious claims. A person who is not a trader can recover substantial rather than nominal damages in contract for loss of credit or business reputation resulting from a cheque being wrongly dishonoured by his bank, even without proof of special (that is, actual) damage: Kpohraror v Woolwich Building Society [1996] 4 All ER 119 (CA). This is an exception to the general rule as to the measure of damages on contract, as the general rule states that a person who is not a trader is not entitled to recover substantial damages unless the damages are alleged and proved as actual damages suffered: Gibbons v Westminster Bank, supra. See also Good faith. 雖然客戶的賬戶中擁有充足的資金，但銀行拒絕或不履行支付客戶的支票。不當不兌現可能因銀行失誤造成，例如銀行忽視賬戶上的貸項：Gibbons v Westminster Bank Ltd [1939] 2 KB 882，或其忘記已准許該客戶透支：Rouse v Bradford Banking Co Ltd [1894] AC 586。雖然有關商譽損失的重大損害賠償裁決，看起來與侵權申索具有明顯聯繫，該客戶仍可就銀行違約提起申索。即使沒有特殊（即實際）損害的證據，非買賣商身份的人仍可就因其銀行不當不兌現支票所導致的信譽或商譽損失，獲得重大而非象徵性的合約損害補償：Kpohraror v Woolwich Building Society [1996] 4 All ER 119（英國上訴法院）。對於衡量合約損害的一般規則而言，本規定是一項例外，因為一般規則規定，非買賣商身份的人不具有獲得重大損害補償的權力，除非該等損害被指稱及證明為遭受實際損害：Gibbons v Westminster Bank，見上文。另見 Good faith。 |
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