| 单词 | Judicial review |
| 释义 | 司法覆核 A process by which the High Court (Court of First Instance) exercises its supervisory jurisdiction over the proceedings and decisions of inferior courts, tribunals and other bodies or persons who carry out quasi-judicial functions or who are charged with the performance of public acts and duties. This jurisdiction was originally derived from the inherent jurisdiction conferred by the common law and was exercised by the issue of the prerogative writs of mandamus, certiorari and prohibition. Nowadays the process is governed by the High Court Ordinance (Cap 4) s 21K and the Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 53. Judicial Review is concerned with reviewing the decision making process but not the merits of the decision: Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans [1982] 3 All ER 141, 1 WLR 1155 (HL). The traditional grounds of review are Illegality, Irrationality and Procedural Impropriety: Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374 (HL). Now this is an established ‘fourth’ ground to challenge the proportionality of a decision: R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] 3 All ER 433, 2 WLR 1622 (HL); Equal Opportunities Commission v Director of Education [2001] 2 HKLRD 690 (CFI). See also Declaration; Injunction; Justiciability; Prerogative remedy; Question of law. 高等法院（原訟法庭）就由下級法院、審裁處及其他團體、或履行類似司法職能的個人或被委以公眾作為和職責的個人所作的決定，而行使其監管性的司法管轄權的過程。此等司法管轄權原本源自由普通法賦予的固有司法管轄權，並藉發出優先的履行職務令狀、移審令狀及禁止令狀而行使。現時此等程序由《高等法院條例》（第4章）第21K條及《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第53號命令規管。「司法覆核」只覆核決策過程，而非該決定的是非曲直：Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans [1982] 3 All ER 141, 1 WLR 1155 （上議院）。傳統的覆核理由有「非法」、「不合理」及「程序不當」：Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374 （上議院）；現時質疑決定的相稱性是「第四項」理由：R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] 3 All ER 433, 2 WLR 1622 （上議院）；Equal Opportunities Commission v Director of Education [2001] 2 HKLRD 690 (CFI)。另見 Declaration; Injunction; Justiciability; Prerogative remedy; Question of law。 |
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