| 单词 | Limitation period |
| 释义 | 時效期限 A period during which a cause of action or prosecution may be commenced in court or an interlocutory step taken in proceedings. The Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347) governs actions of contract and tort and certain other actions, however it does not comprehensively identify time limits for bringing all civil claims in Hong Kong. For example, a claim under Chinese customary law to land or an interest therein is not subject to any limitation period: Tsang Wing Lung v Tsang Lun & Anor [1993] 2 HKLR 23 (HC). Contract - The limitation period is normally six years for actions on simple contracts and 12 years for actions on contract under seal: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 7, Contract [115.419]. Deeds and other instruments - The period of time within which action based on a deed or other specialty must be brought, starting from the time the cause of action accrued. The limitation period for an action upon a deed or specialty is 12 years in Hong Kong: Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347) s 4. Real property - The period within which an owner must bring an action if he or she does not wish to lose the title to real property through adverse possession. The Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347) prescribes a limitation of 60 years from the date on which the right of action accrues to the Government: Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347) s 7(1). As to the Government lessee, from 1 July 1991, the limitation is 12 years from the date on which the right of action accrues: s 7(2). The limitation period commences when the owner was first dispossessed or discontinued possession: s 13(1). After the limitation period has expired, the title of the person whose action has been time-barred is extinguished: s 17. The effect of such is to make the possessor’s title an absolute one (Perry v Clissold [1907] AC 73 (PC)), and such a title, if proved, can even be forced on a purchaser as a good holding title: Chan Chu Hang & Ors v Man Yun Sau [1997] 2 HKC 144 (HC). Tort - The period of time within which actions in tort must be brought, starting from the time the cause of action accrued. In general an action founded on tort may not be brought after the expiration of six years from the date on which the cause of action accrued: Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347) s 27. Conversely, where the action involves personal injuries, it may not be brought after the expiration of a specified period of three years from the date on which the cause of action accrued, or the date of knowledge, if later, of the person injured: ss 27(4), (6). Where the plaintiff does not discover his injury when the negligent acts of the defendant occurred, the limitation period only starts to run when the plaintiff becomes aware of or ought to have become aware of the cause of his injury: Stubbings v Webb [1993] AC 498, 1 All ER 322 (HL). In respect of those torts which are actionable without proof of damage, ie trespass and libel, the cause of action accrues from the date of the tortious act. Where the tort is committed only if damage is proved, ie negligence, the cause of action accrues from the date of the damage: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 25, Tort [380.083]. If the damage does not involve personal injury, ie there is latent damage to property, the limitation period runs from when the harm occurred, even though at that time the plaintiff neither knew of, nor ought reasonably to have discovered, the damage: Bank of East Asia Ltd v Tsien Wui Marble Factory Ltd & Ors [2000] 1 HKC 1, 1 HKLRD 268. 可在法庭展開訴訟因由或檢控因由的期限，或可在法律訴訟程序採取的非正審步驟的期限。《時效條例》（第347章）規管合約、侵權及若干其他的行為，但沒有詳細辨識在香港提出任何民事申索的時限。例如根據中國習慣法提出有關土地或在其中的權益的申索，並不受限於任何時效期限：Tsang Wing Lung v Tsang Lun & Anor [1993] 2 HKLR 23（高等法院）。 合約 - 有關簡單合約的訴訟時效期一般是六個月，而經蓋章的合約訴訟，時效期是十二個月：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第7冊，合約，第[115.419]段。 契據及其他文書 - 基於契據或蓋印文據的訴訟須提出的期限，由訴訟因由產生的日期起計。在香港，基於契據或蓋印文據的訴訟的時效期是十二年：《時效條例》（第347章）第4條。 土地財產 - 擁有人必須提出訴訟的年期範圍，如該人不願意透過逆權管有損失土地財產的所有權。《時效條例》（第347章）訂明自有關訴訟權在官方方面產生的日期起計滿60年的限制：《時效條例》（第347章）第7條(1)。對政府土地承租人而言，自1991年7月1日開始，自有關訴訟權在任何其他人方面產生的日期起計滿12年：第7條(2)。當擁有人首次不管有或停止管有，時效期就開始展開：第13條(1)。當所訂明的期限屆滿時，喪失時效提出訴訟的人的所有權即告終絕：第17條。此乃會影響擁有人的所有權成為絕對的管有權（Perry v Clissold [1907] AC 73），而此管有權，如被證明，可強加於買家身上，作為好的持有管有權：Chan Chu Hang & Ors v Man Yun Sau [1997] 2 HKC 144 （高等法院）。 侵權法 - 侵權訴訟必須提出的期限，由訴訟因由產生的日期開始計算。一般來說，侵權行為的訴訟於訴訟因由產生的日期起計滿6年後，不得提出：《時效條例》（第347章）第27條。相反地，當該訴訟涉及人身傷害，訴訟因由產生的日期起計3年後，或原告人的知悉日期後，不得提出：第27條(4)、(6)。如原訴人在被告人作出疏忽行為時並未知悉受傷，時效期只會在原訴人知悉或察覺其受傷因由時方可開始：Stubbings v Webb [1993] AC 498, 1 All ER 322 （上議院）。就有關該等侵權行為在沒有損害證明的情況下可予訴訟，即是侵犯行為及永久形式誹謗，由侵權行為的訴訟因由產生的日期開始計算：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第25冊，侵權，第[380.083]段。如該損害並未涉及人身傷害，即是潛在財產損毀，時效期由造成損害時開始計算，即使在那一刻，原訴人並不知悉或理應知道財產被損毀：Bank of East Asia Ltd v Tsien Wui Marble Factory Ltd & Ors [2000] 1 HKC 1, 1 HKLRD 268。 |
| 随便看 |
|
法律词典收录了8080条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。