| 单词 | Liquidated damages |
| 释义 | 算定損害賠償 Damages sought or awarded to a plaintiff, the amount being a sum fixed by the parties to a contract as a genuine pre-estimate of the plaintiff’s loss in the event of the defendant’s breach or ascertainable by a simple calculation or (Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd [1915] AC 79 (HL)) fixed by any scale of charges or other positive date. A claim for unliquidated damages is not made into a liquidated demand by the plaintiff naming a definite figure: Abbey Panel & Sheet Metal Co Ltd v Barson Products (A Firm) [1947] 2 All ER 809, [1948] 1 KB 493. A claim upon quantum meruit where the plaintiff states the precise sum which he claims as the value of his services is for liquidated damages: Lagos v Grunwaldt [1910] 1 KB 41 (CA). A liquidated damages clause overcomes the requirement of proof of loss in a damages claim. It is to be contrasted with an agreed damages clause that is penal. There are some general considerations which may limit the recoverability of damages pursuant to a liquidated damages clause, they are: whether the amount of money, in the circumstances, was reasonable (Li Pui Wan v Wong Mei Yin [1998] 1 HKLRD 84 (CA)); and whether the agreed amount was extravagant (Luen Yick Co v Tang Man Kee Machinery Workshop [1958] HKLR 405). See also Action of debt; Agreed damages clause; Penalty; Performance. Building and Construction - A fixed sum, usually per week or per day, written into the contract as representing the employer’s reasonably expected losses at the time the contract is entered into, in the event that the work is not completed by the completion date. It should be a genuine pre-estimate of what loss is likely to be suffered in the event of non-compliance with the contract: Philips Hong Kong Ltd v A-G [1993] 1 HKLR 269, 61 BLR 41 (PC). Also known as ‘liquidated and ascertained damages’. 所尋求或判給原訴人的損害賠償，由合約雙方訂定的款項數額，作為被告人違約或可用簡單的計算方法確定（Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage and Motor Co Ltd [1915] AC 79 （上議院）），或由任何費用表或其他正定日期的原訴人損失真確估計根據。不算定損害賠償的申索不可由指名為限定數字的原訴人轉變為算定需求：Abbey Panel & Sheet Metal Co Ltd v Barson Products (A Firm) [1947] 2 All ER 809, [1948] 1 KB 493。就賠償額的申索，當原訴人列明確實的申索數目作為其服務的價值，是為損害賠償而設：Lagos v Grunwaldt [1910] 1 KB 41（英國上訴法院）。一項損害賠償條款在損害賠償申索中克服損失證明的規定。此類賠償與作為懲治的協定損害賠償條款作對比。當中有一些一般的考慮因素可限制根據算定損害賠償條款的損害賠償的可予追討程度，該等因素包括：在某些情況下，金錢的款額是否合理（Li Pui Wan v Wong Mei Yin [1998] 1 HKLRD 84（上訴法院））；以及已協議的款額是否過份（Luen Yick Co v Tang Man Kee Machinery Workshop [1958] HKLR 405）。另見 Action of debt; Agreed damages clause; Penalty; Performance。 建造及建築 - 一般是每星期或每天，將某固定的款項寫入合約之中，作為代表僱主在簽訂合約之時，一旦該項工程無法在預期完工日期前完成，該僱主合理的預期損失。此損失必須為在不符合合約的情況之下，根據真確估計相當可能蒙受的損失：Philips Hong Kong Ltd v A-G [1993] 1 HKLR 269, 61 BLR 41 （樞密院）。另稱「算定及核實的損害賠償」。 |
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