| 单词 | Stateless person |
| 释义 | 無國籍人士 An individual who lacks identity as a national of a State for the purpose of law: Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 360 UNTS 117 art 1. A person may become stateless in a number of ways including marriage, deprivation or termination of citizenship by a government, and renunciation of nationality by the person concerned. The State a person belongs to is decided by the municipal law of the State in which the person claims to have been born, or to which it is alleged the person belongs; if no such State exists according to the municipal law, he or she will be a stateless person: Stoeck v Public Trustee [1921] 2 Ch 67. A stateless person is not entitled to the rights, benefits, or protection that are ordinarily available to a country’s citizens. To minimise the incidence of statelessness and to protect the rights and dignity of stateless persons, a special international regime has been developed through various conventions, including the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 360 UNTS 117. The Convention applied in Hong Kong as the United Kingdom is a party, and since the reunification, has continued to apply in Hong Kong SAR even if the People’s Republic of China is not a party: Joint Declaration annex I s XI; Basic Law art 153. Persons born to stateless persons or persons of uncertain nationality who have settled in China acquire Chinese nationality: Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China 1980 art 6. The contracting states shall not expel a stateless person lawfully in their territory save on grounds of national security or public order: Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 360 UNTS 117 art 31. The expulsion shall be only in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with due process of law. Except where compelling reasons of national security otherwise require, the stateless person shall be allowed to submit evidence to clear himself, and to appeal to and be represented for the purpose before competent authority or a person or persons specially designated by the competent authority. The contracting states must allow such a stateless person a reasonable period within which to seek legal admission into another country. In exercising the discretion whether or not to expel a stateless person, a treaty obligation is a factor that the immigration authorities ought to take into account, even though his departure is not required by national security or public order: Yin Xian Jiang Simon & Ors v Director of Immigration [1994] 1 HKC 348. In an application for business visa, however, the argument that the applicants were stateless persons was rejected on facts: Li Jin Fei & Ors v Director of Immigration [1994] 1 HKLR 253. See also Citizen; Citizenship. 在法律上，沒有任何國籍身份的個別人士：《關於無國籍人士地位的公約360 UNTS 117》 第1條。有各種原因可使一人成為無國籍人士，包括婚姻、由政府剝奪或終止公民地位、及由有關人士放棄其國藉。一人所屬的國家是由該人聲稱在某地出生的國家、或聲稱該人屬於該國的國內法決定；如根據國內法沒有此國家存在，則他／她會成為無國籍人士：Stoeck v Public Trustee [1921] 2 Ch 67。無國籍人士無權享有一般可供國家公民享有的權利、利益或保障。為減少無國籍的情況及為保障無國籍人士的權利及尊嚴，已透過各種公約發展特別的國際政體，包括關於無國籍人士地位的公約360 UNTS 117。鑒於英國是締約國，《關於無國籍人士地位的公約360 UNTS 117 》適用於香港，即使回歸後，中華人民共和國並非締約國，該公約繼續適用於香港：《中英聯合聲明》附件I第XI條；《基本法》第153條。如出生為無國籍的人士或沒有確定國藉的人士已在中國定居，則會取得中國國籍：《1980中華人民共和國國籍法》第6條。締約各國除因國防或公共秩序的理由外，不應將合法在其領土內的無國籍人士驅逐出境：《關於無國籍人士地位的公約360UNTS 117 》第31條。僅按照根據正當的法律程序達成的決定作出驅逐。除因國防強迫性的理由另有規定外，無國籍人士應獲准予提交證據證明自己，向當局上訴及在主管當局或由主管當局特別指定的人席前由代表出席。締約國須准予此等無國籍人士合理的時限，以便在時限內謀求他國法律上的認許。在行使酌情權以決定是否驅逐無國籍人士出境時，即使在國防或公共秩序上不須他離境，條約責任是移民當局應考慮的一個因素：Yin Xian Jiang Simon & Ors v Director of Immigration [1994] 1 HKC 348。但就商務簽証申請而言，申請人是無國籍人士的論點會基於事實否決：Li Jin Fei & Ors v Director of Immigration [1994] 1 HKLR 253。另見 Citizen; Citizenship。 |
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