| 单词 | Maintenance |
| 释义 | 保養／維持 1. Provision of the means of existence or continuation. 2. The repair or upkeep of something. The scope of the term depends upon the context in which it is found. It may involve keeping something in efficient working order as well as in good repair. Maintenance may be of a preventive nature so as to guard against a thing falling into disrepair, for example, the owners’ corporation has a duty to maintain the common parts and the property of the corporation in a state of good and serviceable repair and clean condition: Building Management Ordinance (Cap 344) s 18 (1). Statutory maintenance regimes exist for road, rail, sea, and air transport. See also Aircraft; Air navigation; Civil Aviation Safety Standard; Repair. Criminal law - The common law crime of assisting and encouraging a party in litigation by a person who has neither an interest in the litigation nor lawful justification. It usually takes the form of providing financial assistance in exchange for the purported assignment of the cause of action. Such an assignment is unenforceable. It can refer to both simple maintenance and champertous maintenance. This common law offence is applicable in Hong Kong: Cannonway Consultants Ltd v Kenworth Engineering Ltd [1995] 1 HKC 179. See also Barratry; Champerty. Family Law - A financial benefit paid by one person to or for another which assists in supporting the second person. It includes education: Guardianship of Minor Ordinance (Cap 13) s 2. The District Court may order that maintenance be paid by a husband or a wife to the other party to the marriage, to the Registrar of the District Court or any third person on such other party’s behalf, such lump sum or periodical payments or both: Separation and Maintenance Orders Ordinance (Cap 16) s 5. In an application for maintenance for a child of the family, the orders that the court may make are periodical payments for such term as may be specified in the order; secured periodical payments for such term as may be specified in the order and lump sum payments: Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Ordinance (Cap 192) s 8(6). See also Child maintenance; Child support; Property settlement; Spousal maintenance. Succession - Provision of income for the supply of the necessaries of life to certain dependants out of the estate of deceased persons, made court order under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Ordinance (Cap 481). It has been said to connote only payments which would, directly or indirectly, enable the applicant to discharge the recurring costs of his or her living expenses: Re Dennis, Dennis v Lloyds Bank Ltd [1981] 2 All ER 140. Maintenance is not, of course, limited to an order for periodical payments (Re Debenham (dec’d) [1986] 1 FLR 404); in some cases a lump sum payment might be appropriate (Re Collins (dec’d) [1990] Fam 56, 2 All ER 47). The effect of the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Ordinance is not to affect the testator’s freedom of testamentary disposition, provided the testamentary disposition, as regards family and dependants, is capable of being regarded as reasonable by the court: Re Inns, Inns v Wallace [1947] Ch 576, 2 All ER 308. The basis of the right to claim arises from the relationship of the parties and is personal to the applicant, so that if the applicant, although surviving the deceased, dies before the hearing, or otherwise is no longer qualified to apply the right to claim against the deceased’s estate ceases to exist: Re Collins (dec’d) [1990] Fam 56, 2 All ER 47. See also Family provision; Inadequate provision; Property settlement. 1.提供生存或存續的方法。 維修 2. 維修、保養某東西。此詞的解釋範圍取決於此詞所在的文意。它可能涉及維持某東西於有效操作狀態，及妥善維修。保養、維持可能是預防的性質，即防止某東西破損，例如業主立案法團有責任使公用部分和法團財產維持良好合用的狀況，並保持清潔：《建築物管理條例》（第344章）第18(1)條。在道路、鐵路、海上及航空交通上實行著法定維修制度。另見 Aircraft; Air navigation; Civil Aviation Safety Standard; Repair。 刑法 - 普通法罪行，指對訴訟沒有利害關係或沒有合法理由的人士，協助及鼓勵訴訟的一方。通常以財務資助的形式，換取訴訟因由的轉讓。這種轉讓是不能強制執行的。可指簡單唆訟行為及圖利助訟行為。這個普通法罪行在香港適用：Cannonway Consultants Ltd v Kenworth Engineering Ltd [1995] 1 HKC 179。另見 Barratry; Champerty。 家庭法 - 由一人付予另一人金錢上的好處以助支持該另一人。它包括教育在內：《未成年人監護條例》（第13章）第2條。區域法院可命令丈夫或妻子須向婚姻的另一方，或向區域法院司法常務官或代表該另一方的任何第三者，支付一筆款項或定期付款，或一筆款項兼定期付款：《分居令及贍養令條例 》（第16章）第5（1）條。就家庭子女贍養的申請，法庭可發出的命令包括按命令所指明的期間作定期付款；按命令所指明的期間作有保證的定期付款及整筆款額付款；《婚姻法律程序與財產條例》（第192章）第8（6）條。另見 Child maintenance; Child support; Property settlement; Spousal maintenance。 繼承 - 根據《財產繼承(供養遺屬及受養人)條例》(第 481章)作出的法庭命令，從死者的遺產提供入息予若干受養人以供應生活所需。僅意味著會直接或間接地使有關申請人解除他／她生活開支的經常性費用的款項：Re Dennis, Dennis v Lloyds Bank Ltd [1981] 2 All ER 140。給養並不會限於定期支付款項的命令i (Re Debenham (已去世) [1986] 1 FLR 404)；在若干情況下，可能比較適合整筆付款 ( Re Collins (已去世) [1990] Fam 56, 2 All ER 47)。 儘管《財產繼承(供養遺屬及受養人)條例》的效力並非在於影響立遺囑人在遺囑處置上的自由，但就遺屬及受養人而言，有關的遺囑處置應可被法庭視為合理：Re Inns, Inns v Wallace [1947] Ch 576, 2 All ER 308。提出申索的權利的基礎是由各方的關係產生的，並且屬有關申請人個人所持有，因此，儘管申請人是在死者已故的情況下尚存的，如他／她在有關聆訊前逝世或在其他情況下不再具有資格應用提出申索的權利，則權利會終止存在：Re Collins (已去世) [1990] Fam 56, 2 All ER 47。另見 Family provision; Inadequate provision; Property settlement。n. |
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