| 单词 | Heads of damage |
| 释义 | 損害的項目 The different categories of damages that a plaintiff may be entitled to recover in a civil action. Particularly in personal injury cases, heads of damage refers to the types of loss which the law recognises as being compensable, such as loss of consortium, loss of earnings, loss of profits, loss of chance and loss of bargain. Contract - The various types of damages that a plaintiff may recover for a breach of contract mainly expressed as ‘expectation damages’, ‘relevance damages’, ‘damages for wasted expenditure’ and ‘damages for loss profits’: Holiday Products (HK) Ltd v Polyproducts Industrial Co [1974] HKLR 455; Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Ltd v Wang Yu [1975] HKLR 43; Panachand & Co Pte Ltd v Poon Lee Meng (t/a Hiap Heng Co) [1989] HKLY 139. The principle of those examples is simply manifestation of that a plaintiff is to be put in the same position as if the contract had been performed rather than discrete and truly alternative measures of damages that a party not in breach may elect to claim. Tort - The various types of damage for which a plaintiff may be entitled to compensation as a result of being injured by a tortious act or omission. They are not the injuries themselves but the damage suffered as a consequence of sustaining injuries. They include loss of earning capacity, loss of competitiveness in seeking and retaining employment, hospital and medical expenses, loss of ability to perform certain domestic duties, and non-pecuniary losses (including pain and suffering, loss of amenities, and loss of expectation of life). See also Damages for loss of profits; Future earnings; Loss of consortium; Loss of earning capacity; Non-pecuniary loss; Total loss. 原告人在民事訴訟中有權追討的不同類別之損害賠償。特別是在人身傷害案件中，損害項目指法律認可為可獲得賠償的不同種類的損失，例如配偶權利的喪失，收入的損失，利潤損失，機會損失及買賣的損失。 合約 - 原告可就違約追討的不同類別的損害賠償：主要是「預期損害賠償」、「相關性損害賠償」、「白費支出損害賠償」、「損失利益損害賠償」： Holiday Products (HK) Ltd v Polyproducts Industrial Co [1974] HKLR 455; Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Ltd v Wang Yu [1975] HKLR 43; Panachand & Co Pte Ltd v Poon Lee Meng (t/a Hiap Heng Co) [1989] HKLY 139。有關的原則是將原告置於猶如有關合約已履行一樣的處境，而非沒有違約的一方可選擇申索的不相關聯的替代損害賠償。 侵權法 - 指原告人就侵權作為或不作為所引致蒙受的傷害，而可能有權獲得不同類別的損害賠償。損害項目並非傷害本身，而是因蒙受傷害而引致的損害。包括失去謀生能力；喪失求職及受聘僱傭工作的競爭力；住院及醫療費用；失去進行某些家務的能力；以及非金錢上的損失（包括疼痛及痛苦、喪失生活樂趣、和喪失壽命預期）。Damages for loss of profits; Future earnings; Loss of consortium; Loss of earning capacity; Non-pecuniary loss; Total loss。 |
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