单词 | Parliamentary system of government |
释义 | 議會制政體 The system of government in which ultimate authority is vested in the legislative body (Parliament). The executive government or Cabinet is formed from the political party commanding a majority in the legislature. A feature of the parliamentary system is the idea of responsible government in which the executive answers to the legislature and remains in power only while it maintains support in the lower house of Parliament. Parliamentary government is contrasted with presidential government where the head of the executive, the President, is not responsible to the legislature and the members of cabinet are not also members of the legislature. A significant number of sovereign states adopt the parliamentary system of government based upon the British Westminster system, usually with the qualification that the sovereignty of parliament is subject to a constitution. 政府體制的一種。 在這制度下,政府的最終權力由立法機關 (即議會或國會) 掌有。 執政政府或內閣是由在立法機關內操控大多數議席的政黨組成。 議會制的特色之ㄧ是政府問責制,即執政政府必須向立法機關負責,亦必須得到議會下議院的支持才可以繼續執政。 議會制與總統制相對。 總統制政府的最高執政者是總統,他/她不須向立法機關負責,而內閣成員亦非同時是立法會議員。不少主權國均採用以英國國會制為藍本的議會制政,所不同的通常是加上議會的權力受憲法規限這一條文。 |
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