| 单词 | Consent |
| 释义 | 同意 Voluntary agreement or permission. Criminal law - Voluntary agreement freely given by a rational and sober person able to form a reasonable opinion upon the matter to which he or she consents. In Hong Kong, as in England and Wales, consent is not a defence to assault occasioning actual bodily harm: Offences Against the Person Ordinance (Cap 212) s 39; R v Brown [1994] 1 AC 212; R v Yuen Chong & Anor [1996] 3 HKC 205 (CA). Nor is consent a defence for most sexual offences involving a minor: Crimes Ordinance (Cap 200) s 146(2). It is a defence in sexual cases that the defendant operated under a mistaken belief of consent: DPP v Morgan [1975] 1 All ER 347, [1976] AC 182; R v Cheung Moon Tong & Anor (CACC 832/80, unreported). See also Age of consent; Capacity; Rape; Sexual assault. Environment - Approval or authority. Equity - A voluntary agreement or yielding of the will; an accord of mind. In equity, consent represents making a voluntary choice that means the election has to be made freely, without duress or deception of any form. Coercion of will is vitiation of true consent: Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] 3 All ER 65, [1980] AC 614 (PC). By the reason of one’s consent, he or she is debarred to go back on the choice elected: Wing Han Trading Co Ltd v Tang Yan Kit [1990] 2 HKC 445 (HC). Giving consent involves a more active act; it is more than giving a simple assent. See also Acquiescence. Tort - A defence to intentional torts. It is also known as the defence of volenti non fit injuria (there can be no injury to the willing). There must be an express or implied agreement that the plaintiff voluntarily submitted to the risk of injury: Lau Kam Tai v United Soundfair Engineering Co Ltd & Ors [1999] 2 HKC 299; Smith v Baker [1891] AC 325 (HL); Morris v Murray [1990] 3 All ER 801. See also Informed consent; Intentional tort. 自願同意或自願發給的許可。 刑法 - 由一理性及清醒的人士自主地提供的自願同意，理性及清醒是指該人對其所同意的事宜，有能力形成合理意見的。如同英格蘭及威爾斯，在香港，同意不能作為對襲擊致造成身體傷害的抗辯理由：《侵害人身罪條例》（第212章）第39條；R v Brown [1994] 1 AC 212; R v Yuen Chong & Anor [1996] 3 HKC 205（上訴法院）。對大部分涉及未成年人的性罪行，同意亦不能作為抗辯理由：《刑事罪行條例》（第200章）第146(2)條。涉及性的案件，被告可以以在誤信以為取得同意下而行事作抗辯理由：DPP v Morgan [1975] 1 All ER 347, [1976] AC 182; R v Cheung Moon Tong & Anor （刑事上訴1980年第832號，未經彙報）。另見 Age of consent; Capacity; Rape; Sexual assault。 環境保護 - 批准或授權。 衡平法 - 自願同意或是意志作出順從；自願的精神。衡平法中，同意代表作出了自願性的選擇，即該選擇是自主的，在無任何形式的脅逼、欺騙下所作出的。威脅意志的行為致令真正的同意失效：Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] 3 All ER 65, [1980] AC 614（樞密院）。由於某人的同意，他、她會被禁止就其已作出的選擇改變主意：Wing Han Trading Co Ltd v Tang Yan Kit [1990] 2 HKC 445（高等法院）。給予同意牽涉較積極的行為；它比純粹的允許要多一些。另見 Acquiescence。 侵權法 - 就蓄意侵權的抗辯。它亦被稱為自願者不受損的抗辯理由。原告人必須明示或默示甘願冒受傷之險：Lau Kam Tai v United Soundfair Engineering Co Ltd & Ors [1999] 2 HKC 299; Smith v Baker [1891] AC 325（上議院）；Morris v Murray [1990] 3 All ER 801。另見 Informed consent; Intentional tort。n. |
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