| 单词 | Promissory estoppel |
| 释义 | 已作承諾不容反悔 A species of equitable estoppel, whereby a party who has represented that he will not insist upon his strict rights under the contract will not be allowed to resile from that position, or will be allowed to do so only upon giving reasonable notice: Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130, [1956] 1 All ER 256n. The true test of promissory estoppel was whether anything was actively and deliberately done to dissuade the other party from acting or whether a promise was made intending to create legal relations and upon which the party promising knew that the other party would rely: Malteser Hilfsdienst Hospital An Hai v Shun Cheong Steam Navigation Co Ltd [1973-1976] HKC 40 (HC). Such promise or representation must have a requisite degree of certainty necessary in promissory estoppel: Bank of India v Surtani Murlidhar Parmanand (t/a Ajanta Trading Corp) [1994] 1 HKC 7. The promisor may revert to these rights upon giving reasonable notice of his intention to the other party: Hughes v Metropolitan Rly Co (1877) 2 App Cas 439 (HL). Such notice need not be formal: Tool Metal Manufacturing Co Ltd v Tungsten Electric Co Ltd [1955] 2 All ER 657, 1 WLR 761 (HL). The party protected must have altered its position in reliance to his detriment on an assumption induced by the representations or promises, and the promise becomes final and irrevocable if it is impossible for the promisee in this case to revert back to its former position: Peter & Angeli Wong Co Ltd v Silverera Ltd [1995] 3 HKC 411 (HC). See also Detriment; Equitable estoppel; Estoppel; Proprietary estoppel; Reliance. 衡平法不容反悔的一種，即如一方已表示他不會嚴格堅持自己合約項下的權利，他不會被允許從該位置退下，或只會在有足夠的通知的情形下他才會被允許這樣做：Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130, [1956] 1 All ER 256n。已作承諾不容反悔的真正測試為，到底作出表示的一方有沒有曾積極及固意地勸阻另一方不要有所作為，或承諾是否在有意訂定法律關係的情形下作出，而承諾的一方並已知道另一方會依賴該承諾：Malteser Hilfsdienst Hospital An Hai v Shun Cheong Steam Navigation Co Ltd [1973-1976] HKC 40 （高等法院）。就已作承諾不容反悔而言，這樣的承諾或陳述必須有一定程度的確定性：Bank of India v Surtani Murlidhar Parmanand (t/a Ajanta Trading Corp) [1994] 1 HKC 7。承諾人可就自己的意向，在給予對方合理的通知後，回復到原來的權利上：Hughes v Metropolitan Rly Co (1877) 2 AC 439 （上議院）。通知不需要是正式的通知： Tool Metal Manufacturing Co Ltd v Tungsten Electric Co Ltd [1955] 2 All ER 657, 1 WLR 761 （上議院）。受保護的一方必須因依賴陳述或承諾所誘使的假設，已改變自己的位置並產生不利，如被承諾人是不可能反回原來的位置上時，則該承諾將變成最終及不可撤回：Peter & Angeli Wong Co Ltd v Silverera Ltd [1995] 3 HKC 411 （高等法院）。另見 Detriment; Equitable estoppel; Estoppel; Proprietary estoppel; Reliance。 |
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